Bio Lab Fungi

Front 1

How do amoeba move

Back 1

they move by rearranging the cell membrane and cytoplasm to create psueadopods (movable extensions of cytoplasm)

Front 2

How do ciliates move?

Back 2

they have many small hairs called cilla whose movement creates water current

Front 3

What are forames made of

Back 3

shells/tests are made of calcium carbonate

Front 4

What is Trypanosoma

Back 4

they are blood parasites that cause African Sleeping Sickness

Front 5

What are plasmodium

Back 5

a giant single cell with many nuclei

you can see cytoplasmic streaming its a slime mold

it causes malaria

Front 6

Amoeba's phylum

Back 6

Rhizopoda

Front 7

Ciliates's phylum

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Ciliophora

Front 8

Forams's phylum

Back 8

Foraminifera

Front 9

Trypanosoma's phylum

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Kinetoplastia

Front 10

Physarium's phylum

Back 10

Dictyostelia

Front 11

Fungi

Back 11

eukaryote

cell wall of chitin

heterotrophic: extracellular digestion

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Saprophytes

Back 12

live on decaying matter

Front 13

parasitic

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used specialized cells called haustoria to penertrate host cells

Front 14

What are haustoria

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they are little extensions that digest tissue extra cellularly through enzymes

Front 15

What is the basic growth form of fungi cells

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hypha

Front 16

What are hyphae

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filamentous mass of vegetative growth

Front 17

What is a mass if hypha called?

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mycelium

Front 18

What are aseptate hyphae called

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coenocytic

they are multinucleadided

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What is different about Basidiomycota

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no asexual reproductive system

Front 20

Example of ascomycota

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sac fungi

Front 21

example of basidiomycota

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club fungi

Front 22

example of chytridiomycota

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chytrids

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example of zygomycota

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bread molds

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sexual spore of ascomycota

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Ascospore

Front 25

meiosis in ascomycota

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ascus

Front 26

sexual fruiting structure in ascomycota

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ascocarp

Front 27

asexual fruiting structure of ascomycota

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condiophore

Front 28

asexual spore of ascomycota

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conidium

Front 29

sexual spore of basidiomycota

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basidiospore

Front 30

meiosis in basidiomycota

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basifium

Front 31

sexual fruiting structure of basidiomycota

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basidiocarp

Front 32

asexual structure of basidiomycota

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none

Front 33

sexual spore of chytridionmycota

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zoospores

(motile)

Front 34

meiosis in chytridionmycota

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zoosporangium

Front 35

sexual fruiting structure of chytridionmycota

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gametangia

Front 36

asexual fruiting structure of chytridionmycota

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zoosporangium

Front 37

asexual spore of chytridionmycota

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zoospores (motile)

Front 38

sexual spore of Zygomycota

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zygospore

Front 39

meiosis in Zygomycota

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zygosporangium

Front 40

sexual fruiting structure of Zygomycota

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gametangia

Front 41

asexual fruiting structure of Zygomycota

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sporangium

Front 42

asexual spore of Zygomycota

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spores

Front 43

dikaryotic hyphae

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fused hyphae

they grow up to form the sexual reproductive structure

it is 1N + 1 N

it is not haploid or diploid

Front 44

karyogamy

Back 44

two fused nuclei

it cause symgamy and forms zygote

Front 45

Chytridiomycota's unusual life cycle

Back 45

have true alternation of generation

both diploid (asexual) and haploid (sexual) mycelium

produces motile zoospores (both haploid and diploid)

produces motile gametes

produces motile zygote

Front 46

yeast

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ascomycetes without hypha

Front 47

asexual reproduction in yeast

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budding

Front 48

sexual reproduction in yeast

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by ascospores

Front 49

lichens

Back 49

formed by mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria)

Front 50

how do amoeba reproduce

Back 50

mostly asexually

Front 51

how do amoeba receive food

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phagocytic

they engulf food particle and form food vacuoles surrounded by a membrane

they secrete enzymes into vacuole for intracellular digestion

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function of a contractile vacuole

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maintains cells water balance by accumulating and expelling excess water

Front 53

test

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a secreted or partially secreted covering , much like a shell

examples: a protective case of sand grains found in Difflugia

Front 54

how do forams (phylum Foraminefera) move

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rigid shells move by protoplasmic streaming

Front 55

what is another name for foraminiferans

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"shelled amoebas"

bc they surround themselves with test and have stiff peudospods

Front 56

describe the test of amoeba and foraminiferans

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test are made up of calcium carbonate and is perforated with pores

Front 57

characteristics of flagellates

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have at least one flagellum

most primitive protozoans

can be parasitic or free living heterotrophs

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characteristic of trypanosomes

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pathogentic

cause African sleeping sickness and chagas disease

Front 59

what is the phylum of plasmodium

Back 59

apicomplexa

Front 60

two types of nuclei found in ciliates

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micronuclei and macronuclei

Front 61

phylum of slime molds

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Dictyostelia

Front 62

macronuclei

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control cellular function

they develop from micronuclei

they divide when ciliates reproduced asexually

Front 63

what is an example of cilliates

Back 63

paramecium and vorticella

Front 64

characteristics of paramecium (phylum Ciliophora)

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free living freshwatr

sexual process; conjugation

and asexually reproduction

Front 65

characteristics of vorticella (phylum Ciliophora)

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sessile (attached to substrate)

has contractile stalk that attaches the organism to the substrate

has a cell body with a corona of cilia

Front 66

example of a apicomplexa

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plasmodium

Front 67

characteristics of plasmodium (sporozoan genus)

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pathogen

causes malaria

Front 68

example of a dictyostelia

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slime mold specifically Physarum

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plasmodium slime mold

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coenocytic (multinucleated)

looks like moving mass of slime

occur on tree trunks, lawns, shrubs

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haustoria

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thin like extensions of hyphae that penetrate living cells and absorb nutrients

Front 71

asexual reproduction in fungi (3 ways)

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mitotic production of spores

budding

fragmentation

Front 72

example of organism that does budding

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yeast

Front 73

four major phylum of fungi

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chytridiomycota

zygomycota

ascomycota

basidiomycota

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characteristics of chytridiomycota

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most ancient fungi

motile spores with flagella

aquatics saprobes or parasites

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Another name for zygomycota

Back 75

bread molds

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characteristics of zygomycota

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hypae lack septa

key reproductive feature: resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage

Front 77

what is a comon genus of bread mold

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Rhizopus (black bread mold)

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another name for ascomycota

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sac fungi

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examples of sac fungi

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includes yeasts, some molds, morels, and truffles

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what is the key reproductive feature of ascomycota

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sexual spores borne internallyin sacs called asci

Front 81

how does ascomycetes reproduces asexually

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conidia

Front 82

penicillin are an example of what

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ascomycetes

Front 83

yeast belong to -----

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ascomycota

Front 84

mushrooms belong to -----

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Basdiomycota

Front 85

what does a lichen included

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an ascomycete and a photosynthetic algae/cyanobacteria

Front 86

how do lichens reproduce

Back 86

asexually by releasing fragments

Front 87

What is a protozoan, and why isn't it classified an animal?

Back 87

Protozoa are a diverse group of mostly motile unicellular eukaryotic organisms. They are restricted to moist or aquatic habitats and are unicellular and therefore are not animals (animals are multicellular).

Front 88

How is the slime mold Physarum adapted to environments that havefew resources?

Back 88

They undergo sexual reproduction and produce spores that can remain in the environment. Also, they perform cytoplasmic streaming so they can move to a new environment.

Front 89

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Back 89

Extracellular digestions/absorption

Front 90

How are hyphae related to mycelia?

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Mycelia are a collection of hyphae

Front 91

observation of ascomycota

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spores held in long chains

Front 92

observation of Chytridiomycota

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motile spores with flagella

Front 93

observation of zygomycota

Back 93

grows on bread, hyphae lack septa

Front 94

observation of basidiomycota

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mushroom, club shaped cells on gills

Front 95

true or false

syngamy and karyogamy refer to the same process

Back 95

true

Front 96

true or false

a zygote results from syngamy

Back 96

true

Front 97

A zygospore resulting from syngamy is haploid or diploid

Back 97

diploid

Front 98

What is the difference betweendikaryotic and diploid cells?

Back 98

Dikaryotic cells have two distinct nuclei, each with a haploid (single) set of chromosomes; a diploid cell has one nucleus with a diploid (double set of chromosomes).

Front 99

What is the advantage of havingan algae or fungus in a lichen? Whatcould each organism contribute to the partnership?

Back 99

Algae conduct photosynthesis and produce an energy-rich carbon source, (i.e., glucose) while fungus/algae are provided a habitat and possible protection from predators.