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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the name of the species of rat we dissected?
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Rattus norvegicus
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What is the definition of the subclass of mammals known as "Eutheria"?
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Mammals with a well-developed placenta
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What does the term gross anatomy mean?
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Study of body structures visible to the eye
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Anterior
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Toward the head/front end
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Posterior
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Toward the tail/rear end
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Dorsal
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Toward the back/vertebral column
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Ventral
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Toward the belly/front
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Cranial
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Toward the head
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Caudal
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Toward the tail
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Medial
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Toward the midline of the body
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body
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Proximal
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Toward the attachment point to the body
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Distal
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Away from the attachment point to the body
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Superior
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Above a point of reference
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Inferior
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Below a point of reference
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Sagittal section
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Divides the body into right and left halves. Made parallel to the long body axis.
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Frontal section
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Divides the body into ventral and dorsal regions. Made along a longitudinal plane.
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Transverse (cross) section
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Divides the body into head/tail. Made perpendicular to frontal plane.
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What is the Coelom?
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Body cavity formed between layers of mesoderm.
Where the digestive tract and other internal organs are suspended. |
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Where is the thoracic (chest) cavity? (caudal or cranial)
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Cranial
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Where is the abdominal cavity?
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Caudal.
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What two cavities does the toracic cavity contain?
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Pleural and Pericardial Cavities.
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What organ does the pleural cavity house?
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Lungs
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What organ does the pericardial cavity house?
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The heart.
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The arteries have been injected with _____ latex and the veins have been injected with ____ latex.
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Red/blue
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Arteries and veins run ________ to each other
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parallel
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Which are bigger? arteries or veins? Which one has to work harder to carry blood?
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veins!
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internal jugular
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drains blood from the brain
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sublcavian arteries
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carry blood to the forelimbs
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hepatic veins
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drains the liver
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sacral vein
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drains the tail
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hepatic portal vein
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drains the small intestine
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iliac artery
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supplies blood to the hindlimbs
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coelic artery
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supplies stomach, spleen, liver
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renal arteries
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supply the kidneys
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epiglottis
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covers the opening of the trachea when food or liquid passes over it (in mouth)
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intercostal muscles
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they contract and relax, resulting in enlargement and compression of thoraciccavity
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papillae contains what?
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taste buds
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Because the rat has no gall bladder, where does bile collect? and where does it go to?
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bile collects in the ducts and passes straight to the duodenum.
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pyloric sphincter
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controls the passage of partially digested food into the duodenum of the small intestine
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axial skeleton
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composed of the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage
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appendicular skeleton
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composed of the pectoral girdle, the forelimbs, the pelvic girdle, and hind limbs
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cellular respiration
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glucose -> energy
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What species of Crayfish did we study the phsyiology of?
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Procambarus simulans
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Where do crayfish take in water, and where is it pumped out?
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in through openings in the carapace
out using the second maxillae at the anterior end |
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the amount of oxygen taken in by a crawfish is proportional to ______
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the volume of water pumped.
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How does nitrogen gas work in the crayfish physiology experiment?
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nitrogen displaces the oxygen and decreases the oxygen concentration.
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what is partial pressure?
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the pressure of a particular gas in a mixture of gases
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What is systolic pressure? what is the relation to pressure?
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ventricular contraction; pressure is the highest (120mm Hg); sharp tapping sounds
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what is diastolic pressure? what is the relation to pressure?
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ventricular relaxation; pressure is the lowest (80 mm Hg)
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What is the stehtoscope placed over?
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the brachial artery
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What is the result of emphysema?
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A decrease of surface area as walls between alveoli are broken down
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During exercise, the partial pressure of ____ decreases and the partial pressure of _____ increases.
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oxygen/carbon dioxide
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Deoxygenated blood is found in which ventricle?
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right
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oxygenated blood returns to which ventricle?
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left
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what is tachycardia?
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heartbeat is too fast
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what is bradycardia?
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heartbeat that is too slow
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what is apnea?
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voluntary cessation of breathing
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What is hypoxia?
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low concentration of dissolved oxygen
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