Bio Lab Ex 39

Front 1

Phylum Arthropoda

Back 1

-rigid external skeleton made of chitin (long chain of nitrogen containing sugar molecules arranged in strong fibers, soft or hard)
+provides protection, moisture barrier, muscle attachment
-jointed appendages adapted for locomotion, feeding, reproduction, defense, and sensing the environment.
-segmented bodies
-coelomates
-open circulatory systems
-organs are well developed

Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata
Limulus
Class Arachnida
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Crustacea
Cambarus
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Chilopoda
Class Diplopoda
Class Insecta
Romalea

Front 2

Subphylum Chelicerata

Back 2

-spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, daddy longlegs, horseshoe crabs
-Mouthparts are Chelicerae (pincers or fangs)
-pedipalps modified for capturing prey, sensing the enviornment, or copulating
-two body regions: a cephalothorax (fused head and thoracic segments) and an abdomen (the most posterior body region)
-lack antennae

Class Merostomata
Limulus
Class Arachnida

Front 3

Class Merostomata

Back 3

*Limulus*
-Horseshoe Crabs
-existing since cambrian period
-carapace: horseshoe shaped covering the cephalothorax
-The ventral surface includes five pairs of appendages modified as walking legs
-book gills are where gas exchange occurs

Hint 3

Front 4

Class Archnida

Back 4

-Scorpions, Ticks, Mites, Daddy Longlegs, Spiders
-Cephalothorax has chelicerae modified as fangs
-has pedipalps to manipulate food and sense the enviornment
-has four pair of walking legs
-spiders: two body regions and 8 legs
-insects: three body regions and 6 legs

Front 5

Subphylum Crustacea
Class Crustacea

Back 5

-crayfish, Crabs, Shrimps
-have fundamentally biramous or double branched appendages.
-have two pairs of antennae
-have compound eyes
-opposing mandibles

Subphylum Crustacea
Class Crustacea
*Cambarus

Front 6

Crustacean External Anatomy

Back 6

-Two regions: a cephalothorax covered by a carapace and an abdomen
-Five anterior pairs of crustacean appendages are modified into first antennae, second antennae, mandibles, maxillae, and maxillipeds.
-Male swimmerets shaped to transfer sperm
-analogous: similar functions
-homologous: similar forms

Hint 6

Front 7

Crustacean Internal Anatomy

Back 7

-Open circulatory system: blood flows from heart to large arteries to gills to sinuses then bathes internal organs. Blood returns to the pericardial sac and enters the heart through small openings called ostia
-Sperm from testes exit the body through a pore at the base of the third pair of walking legs
-stomach is a continuous, membranous structure along the dorsal midline of the cephalothorax

Front 8

Subphylum Uniramia

Back 8

-centipeds, millipedes, and insects
-they have a uniramous, or single branched appendages

Class Chilopoda
Class Diplopoda
Class Insecta
Romalea

Front 9

Class Chilopoda

Back 9

-centipedes
-each body segment bears a pair of legs
-The large fangs on the head are not mandibles but are maxillipeds
-carnivorous

Hint 9

Front 10

Class Diplopda

Back 10

(Millipedes)
-herbivores
-each segment has two pairs of legs

Hint 10

Front 11

Class Insecta

Back 11

*Romalea* -grasshopper
-flies, grasshoppers, butterflies, beetles, and others
-three separate body regions and six thoracic legs
-ability to fly
-two pairs of wings (outgrowths of the thoracic exoskeleton
-tracheae conduct air

Hint 11

Front 12

External Anatomy of a Grasshopper

Back 12

-Thorax is divided into the pro, meso, and meta, each having a pair of legs
+mouthparts are covered by a labrum, ect
-10 abdominal segments, each with a spiracle or breathing pore.
+The terminal abdominal segment bears the reproductive genitalia
+males-blunt
+females-ovipositor

Hint 12