Bio Lab Chapter 12

Front 1

Photosynthesis equation

Back 1

6CO(2)+12H(2)O--->C(6)H(12)O(6)+6H(2)O+6O(2)

Front 2

Photosynthesis is dependent on what?

Back 2

light and chlorophyll

Front 3

Photosynthesis converts ___ to ___

Back 3

-carbon dioxide and water
-sugar, water, and oxygen

Front 4

After photosynthesis, oxygen is ___ and sugar is ___

Back 4

-released to the environment
-stored as starch, a polysaccharide

Front 5

In the photosynthesis equation, water molecules from the left side ___

Back 5

split to release electrons during the photochemical reactions

Front 6

In the photosynthesis equation, product water molecules ___

Back 6

are assembled from hydrogen and oxygen released during the photochemical and biochemical reactions

Front 7

names for biochemical reactions

Back 7

-Calvin Cycle
-dark reactions

Front 8

characteristics of photochemical reactions

Back 8

-fast(practically instantaneous)
-light-dependent
-splits water to release oxygen, electrons, and protons

Front 9

characteristics of biochemical reactions

Back 9

-slower than photochemical, but still extremely fast
-light-independent
-converts(fixes) carbon dioxide to sugar

Front 10

a substance that absorbs light

Back 10

pigment

Front 11

the primary photosynthetic pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis

Back 11

chlorophylls a and b

Front 12

pigments that absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a

Back 12

accessory pigments (carotenes, xanthophylls)

Front 13

how does paper chromatography work?

Back 13

pg. 126

Front 14

a technique for separating dissolved compounds such as chlorophyll, carotene, and xanthophyll

Back 14

paper chromatography

Front 15

what are the colors of the pigments on chromatography paper?

Back 15

chlorophyll a:blue-green
chlorophyll b:yellow-grean
carotenes:yellow
xanthophylls:yellow-orange

Front 16

the pigments that move higher are ___ to the chromatography solvent in terms of ___

Back 16

-more similar
-molecular size, polarity, and solubility

Front 17

pigments absorbed strongly move ___

Back 17

slowly

Front 18

pigments absorbed weakly move ___

Back 18

fast

Front 19

what is chromatography paper made of?

Back 19

cellulose

Front 20

Definition of Rf value

Back 20

ratio of distance moved by pigment to distance from point of origin to solvent front

Front 21

order pigments on solubility in chromatography solvent (least->greatest). Which had the highest Rf value? Why?

Back 21

-Chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, xanthophyll, carotene
-carotene had highest Rf value because it moved the easiest/farthest

Front 22

If yellow xanthophylls were in the extract, why did the extract appear green?

Back 22

the amount of chlorophyll outnumbered the amount of xanthophyll

Front 23

Is it possible to have an Rf value greater than 1?

Back 23

No, movement will always be less than the solvent front.

Front 24

what is an instrument that separates white light into its component colors?

Back 24

spectroscope

Front 25

light not visible in an extract has been ___

Back 25

absorbed

Front 26

colors on a spectroscope range from ___

Back 26

red to VIOLET

Front 27

In ___, the photon absorbed from the illuminating radiation excites an electron that is initially in the ground state to a higher state. This excited electron then falls to a lower level, but not immediately back to the ground state, emitting a longer-wavelength photon than it absorbed.

Back 27

fluorescense

Front 28

pH indicator

Back 28

phenol red (phenol-sulfonphthalein)

Front 29

phenol red turns ___ in an acidic solution and ___ in a neutral to basic solution

Back 29

-yellow
-red

Front 30

When we added CO(2) to the phenol red, it turned ___. Adding a photosynthesizing plant caused it to turn back to its original color(___). Why did this happen?

Back 30

-yello
-red
-The plant used CO(2) for photosynthesis which made the solution less acidic.

Front 31

uptake of carbon dioxide equation

Back 31

H(2)O+CO(2)<-->H(2)CO(3)<-->H^+^+HCO(3)^-^
water+carbon dioxide(breath)<-->Carbonic acid<-->hydrogen ion+bicarbonate ion

Front 32

what was the name of the plant we used to test the uptake of carbon dioxide?

Back 32

elodea

Front 33

the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis occur on ___

Back 33

photosynthetic membranes

Front 34

in bacteria, biochemical reaction occur on the ___

Back 34

cell membrane

Front 35

in plants and algae, biochemical reactions take place on the ___ which are located in the ___

Back 35

-thylakoids
-chloroplast

Front 36

thylakoids are stacked to form columns called ___

Back 36

grana

Front 37

grana are held in place by ___

Back 37

lamallae

Front 38

this semiliquid bathes the interior of the chloroplast and contains the enzymes that catalyze the biochemical reactions

Back 38

stroma

Front 39

the production of starch requires ___

Back 39

light and chlorophyll

Front 40

what causes different colors on leaves?

Back 40

different pigments/combinations of pigments

Front 41

why do leaves change colors in the fall?

Back 41

there is not enough light or water to use chlorophyll for photochemical reactions. the chlorphyll breaks down and what is left are orange and yellow xanthophylls and carotenes.