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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of

Water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration

What of can pass through a cell membrane most easily?


Small nonpolar molecules

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will

Shrink

A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution. True or false

true, hypotonic solution concentration of solute in the solution is lower than inside the cell

If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water. True or false

True, isotonic solution- solute and water concentration are equal on both sides of membrane

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of

Molecules from an area of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when

The dissolve sugar molecules are evenly dispersed throughout the solution

The rate of diffusion is affected by

Temperature, size of molecules, and steepness of the concentration gradient.

True or false the molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move.

False, even as a solid lump the individual sugar molecules are in motion

True or false diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment

True

Facilitated diffusion requires

Carrier proteins.

Facilitated diffusion occurs

In either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.

Facilitated diffusion is used to transport

Sugars and amino acids.

True or false unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell

False, the movement is carried out without any input of energy

Facilitated diffusion requires a specific transporter for a specific molecule. true or false

True

Solutions

A solution is a mixture in which the minor component solute is uniformly dissolved within the major component solvent. Water is the only solvent used in your body.

Diffusion

Move from high to low concentration


- passive transport


- no energy needed

What is hypertonic?

More solute less water


Cells placed in hypertonic solution will shrink

What is hypotonic?

Less solute more water


Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will swell, rupture, explode

What is isotonic?

Equal solute equal water


What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water from high concentration of water to low concentration of water across a semipermeable membrane

"Passive transport" Simple diffusion is

-Diffusion of hydrophobic (lipids) molecules and gases


- high to low concentration gradient



"Passive transport" facilitated transport is

- diffusion of hydrophilic molecules


- through a protein channel


- high to low concentration gradient


Active transport is

Diffusion against concentration gradient, low to high, uses a protein pump, and requires ATP / energy