Bio Lab 28: Survey The Plant Kingdom

Front 1

Plants evolved ___ million years ago and today comprise a remarkably diverse group of multicellular organisms.

Back 1

550

Front 2

What’s an example for the phylum Hepaticophyta?

Back 2

Liverworts

Front 3

What’s an example of the phylum Bryophyta?

Back 3

Mosses

Front 4

What’s an example for the phylum Anthocerophyta?

Back 4

Hornworts

Front 5

What’s an example for the phylum Pterophyta?

Back 5

Ferns

Front 6

What’s an example for the phylum Lycophyta?

Back 6

Club mosses

Front 7

What’s an example for the phylum Cycadophyta?

Back 7

Cycads

Front 8

What’s an example for the phylum Ginkgophyta?

Back 8

Ginkgo

Front 9

What’s an example for the phylum Coniferophyta?

Back 9

Conifers

Front 10

What’s an example for the phylum Gnetophyta?

Back 10

Gnetophytes

Front 11

What’s an example for the phylum Anthophyta?

Back 11

Flowering plants

Front 12

What is the phylum name for liverworts?

Back 12

Hepaticophyta

Front 13

What is the phylum name for mosses?

Back 13

Bryophyta

Front 14

What’s the phylum name for hornworts?

Back 14

Anthocerophyta

Front 15

What’s the phylum name for ferns?

Back 15

Pterophyta

Front 16

What’s the phylum name for club mosses?

Back 16

Lycophyta

Front 17

What’s the phylum name for cycads?

Back 17

Cycadophyta

Front 18

What’s true phylum name for Ginkgo?

Back 18

Ginkgophyta

Front 19

What’s the phylum name for conifers?

Back 19

Coniferophyta

Front 20

What’s the phylum name for gnetophytes?

Back 20

Gnetophyta

Front 21

What’s the phylum name for flowering plants?

Back 21

Anthophyta

Front 22

These groups of plants are distinguished by ___, ___ ___, and the presence or absence of ___ ___

Back 22

Morphology

Life cycle

Vascular tissue

Front 23

___ include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts and are the most primitive group of terrestrial plants.

Back 23

Bryophytes

Front 24

Bryophytes are green, have rootlike structures called ___, and may have stem and leaflike parts

Back 24

Rhizoids

Front 25

In what order did plants develop?

Back 25

Chlorophyte green algae

Simple streptophyte algae

Complex streptophye algae

Liverworts

Mosses

Hornworts

Lycophytes

Pteridophytes

Cycads

Ginkgo

Conifers and gnetales

Angiosperms

Front 26

The plant body of bryophytes is called a ___

Back 26

Thallus

Front 27

___ are male sex organs that produce swimming, biflagellate sperm

Back 27

Antheridia

Front 28

Sperm fertilize eggs produced in ____, the female sex organs

Back 28

Archegonia

Front 29

The fertilized egg is called a ___

Back 29

Zygote

Front 30

The zygote divides and matures in the archegonium to produce the ___, which remains attached to and nutritionally dependent on the ___

Back 30

Sporophyte

Gametophyte

Front 31

The mature sporophyte produces ___ spores, each of which can develop into a gametophyte

Back 31

Haploid

Front 32

___ are the earliest land plants

Back 32

Liverworts

Front 33

The gametophyte thallus of this liverwort, ____, grows as a large flat photosynthetic structure on the surface of the ground

Back 33

Marchantia

Front 34

Pores in the dorsal surface of the thallus overlie air chambers containing ___ (chloroplast-containing) cell’s

Back 34

Chlorenchyma

Front 35

Liverworts can reproduce asexually via ___. In this process, the older, central portions of the thallus die, leaving the growing tips isolated to form individual plants

Back 35

Fragmentation

Front 36

Structures called ___ ___ occurs on the dorsal (upper) surface of some thalli near the midrib. They are another means of asexual reproduction by liverworts.

Back 36

Gemmae cups

Front 37

Inside the gemmae cups are lens-shaped outgrowths called ___, which are splashed out of the cup by falling crops of rain. If a gemma lands in an adequate environment, it can produce a new gametophyte plant

Back 37

Gemmae

Front 38

Many species of Marchantia are ___, meaning that they have separate male and female plants. Gametes from each plant are produced in specialized sex organs borne on upright stalks

Back 38

Dioecious

Front 39

___ are specialized stalks on female plants that bear archegonia

Back 39

Archegoniophores

Front 40

Each flask-shaped archegonium consists of a ___ and a ___, which contains the ___

Back 40

Neck

Venter

Egg

Front 41

___ are specialized stalks on male plants that bear antheridia

Back 41

Antheridiophores

Front 42

___ ___ are released and washed from the antheridia during wet conditions and eventually fertilize the egg located in the ____. The zygote remains in the ___ and grows into a ___ plant

Back 42

Flagellated sperm

Venter

Venter

Sporophyte

Front 43

The nonphotosynthetic sporophyte of a liverwort is connected to the gametophyte by a structure called the ___. ___ are produced by meiosis in a ___ located on a ___ (stalk) that extends downward from the foot.

Back 43

Foot

Spores

Capsule

Seta

Front 44

___ help disperse spores by twisting. In humid conditions the ___ coil, but when it is dry the ___ expand, pushing the spores apart and rupturing the spore case to release the spores

Back 44

Elaters

Front 45

___ gametophytes have specialized cells that aid in the absorption and retention of water

Back 45

Miss

Front 46

Unlike liverworts, ___ lack structures such as gemmae for asexual reproduction. They reproduce asexually by fragmentation

Back 46

Mosses

Front 47

Moss sporophytes consist of ___ located atop stalks, called ___, that extend upward from the moss gametophyte. A sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte by a structured called a ___

Back 47

Capsules

Setae

Foot

Front 48

Moss: The capsule atop the seta is covered by the hoodlike ___, which is the upper portion of archegonium that covers the apex of the capsule. The ___ falls off when the capsule matures. Inside the capsule are numerous haploid spores formed by meiosis

Back 48

Calyptra

Front 49

Moss: On the top of the capsule is a lidlike structure called the ___

Back 49

Operculum

Front 50

Moss spores germinate and form a photosynthetic ___, which resembles a branching, filamentous algae. Leafy moss plants arise from “buds” located along the ___

Back 50

Protonema

Front 51

In __, the sporophyte is shaped like a long, tapered horn that protrudes from a flattened thallus

Back 51

Hornworts

Front 52

The most familiar hornwort is ___, a temperate genus

Back 52

Anthoceros