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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Species
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an evolutionary independent population or group of populations
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biological species concept
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the critical criterion for identifying species is reproductive isolation
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prezygotic isolation
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prevents individuals of different species from mating
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postzygotic isolation
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the offspring of matings between members of different species do not surviveor reproduce
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morphospecies concept
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populations are morphologically distinct
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phylogenetic species concept
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is based upon reconstructing the evolutionary history of populations and basing on the smallest monophyletic group on phylogenetic tree
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allopatric speciation
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occurs as a result of physical isolation via dispersal/colonization or vicariance
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dispersal / colonization
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split off from main population
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vicariance
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physical splitting of habitat by physical barrier
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sympatric speciation
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occurs as a result of reproductive isolation (populations are not physically seperated)
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biogeography
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the study of how species and populations are distributed geographically
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polyploidy
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mutant individuals that have more than two sets of chromosomes
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autopolyploidy
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doubling of chromosomes in same species due to error in meiosis
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allopolyploidy
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when different species mate and produce a polyploid offspring
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reinforcement
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hybrids are less fit, strong natural selection against inbreeding
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hybridization
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hybrids as fit, result in intermediate characteristics
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hybrid zone
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geographic area where interbreeding occurs and hybrid offspring are common
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