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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which stage in meiosis: chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
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Anaphase I (first division when chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell)
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What feature does mitosis and meiosis have in common?
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Splitting of centromeres
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How does genetic recombination normally occur for UNLINKED genes?
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Random chromosome assortment
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Which processes take place during interphase?
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Protein transport, Active transport, Cellular growth, Protein Synthesis, DNA replication
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Duplication of chromosomes happen in which phase of the cell cycle?
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INTERPHASE (S phase)
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Why is meitotic division important for gamete formation?
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If gamete is diploid, it will have an excessive amount of DNA, thus case mutations, diseases, etc.
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What is mitosis?
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asexual reproduction of cells
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Why is mitosis necessary?
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It is needed for
1.GROWTH (eg. During puberty or embryonic growth) 2. REPAIRING of damaged tissues (eg. Scrapes, damage on organs) |
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For mitosis to happen, DNA is replicated in the __ phase, proteins synthesized in the ___ phase.
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S; G2
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In mitosis: in early prophase, chromatin starts to _____and the _____ _____ grows
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supercoil; spindle fibre
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In mitosis: late prophase, each chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids (_____ chromatids) formed by ___ ______ in interphase and held together by a ______.
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sister chromatids
DNA replication centromere |
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In mitosis: late prophase, what is happening with the spindle fibres?
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The spindle fibres now move towards the two poles of the nucleus.
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In mitosis: metaphase, The _____ membrane breaks down and the spindle fibre on each end attaches itself on the _____ of each sister chromatid. The sister chromatids are then moved to the ______ plate.
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nuclear
centromere metaphase |
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In mitosis: anaphase, The sister chromatids are now _____ by the spindle fibres pulling on each side.
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separated
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In mitosis: early telophase, chromosomes separated to ____ of cell and _____ ______ form arouund them while the _____ _____ breaks down.
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poles
nuclear membrane spindle fibre |
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In mitosis: late telophase, The cells divide (a.k.a. ______) to form two ______ identical daughter cells.
The ______ now uncoil and are no longer visible. |
cytokinesis
genetically chromosomes |
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When will mitotic division cause growth of cancerous tumors?
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When the divisions become repeated and uncontrolled (can happen to any tissue/organ)
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What is the product of mitosis?
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2 daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei
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Define homologous chromosomes
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They encode the same genes but have different alleles
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Meiosis: Prophase I: Chromosomes pair up, they are _______ chromosomes. The spindle fibre extends and moves towards the two ends of the ____ ______ (which will break down soon)
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homologous
nuclear membrane |
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Meiosis: Metaphase I: The spindle fibre from each end attaches itself onto the _____ from each pair. They are then lined up at the ______ _______.
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centromere
metaphase plate |
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Meiosis: Anaphase I: The _____ _____ is then pulled apart, and ____ cells will form.
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homologous chromosome
two |
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After the first stage of meiosis, the cells are now two _____ cells, having 1 chromosome from each of the _ _ types. These chromosomes will then be split apart again to form a total of __ cells each with one _____.
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haploid
23 4 chromatid |
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Meiosis: Prophase II: New ____ _____ will form in each of the two cells at ____ ends of the nucleus.
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spindle fibre
opposite |
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Meiosis: Metaphase II
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same as metaphase I, attach to centromere and line up at metaphase plate.
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Meiosis: Anaphase II: Centromeres divided, chromatids now become separate _____ which move to _____ poles. The cell membrane pulled _____ to _____ the cells.
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chromosomes
opposite inwards divide |
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Meiosis: Telophase II: ____ membrane forms and now there are 4 ____ daughter cells with one chromatid from each of ___ types.
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nuclear
haploid 23 |
