Bio Final Part 2

Front 1

what is the best definition of a population?

Back 1

A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in a given area

Front 2

All of the alleles in a population make up the ______.

Back 2

Gene pool.

Front 3

How are new combinations of alleles introduced into chromosomes?

Back 3

crossing over in meiosis I

Front 4

Traits with more than two distinct forms are ____.

Back 4

polymorphic

Front 5

Mutations that result in the death of the individual are known as _____.

Back 5

lethal

Front 6

A ______ mutation changes the DNA sequence but has no impact on the fitness of the individual.

Back 6

neutral

Front 7

_______ increases the frequency of adaptive mutations in a population over time.

Back 7

Natural selection

Front 8

An allele's abundance within a population is referred to as ______ frequency.

Back 8

Allele.

Front 9

Any change in allele frequencies in a gene pool is called ______.

Back 9

microevolution

Front 10

Environmental pressures result in a(n) ______ of adaptive alleles.

Back 10

increase in the frequency

Front 11

What is the original source of new alleles?

Back 11

mutation

Front 12

With _______ selection, the frequency of a favored allele will increase as a phenotype variation become more adaptive.

Back 12

directional

Front 13

Natural selection drives changes in allele frequencies bu influencing traits within a _____ basis.

Back 13

Genetic

Front 14

_____ selection occurs when individuals choose mates with a particular desirable trait.

Back 14

Sexual.

Front 15

Fatter sociable weaver birds spend more time foraging where they are vulnerable to predation, are more attractive topredators, and are less likely to escape an attack. Conversely, thin birds risk starvation. Therefore, sociable weaver of anintermediate weight have a selective advantage. This is an example of ____ selection.

Back 15

stabilizing

Front 16

In Cameroon, seedcrackers have either small bills (adapted for feeding on soft sedge seeds) or large bills (adapted forfeeding on hard sedge seeds). During competition for scarce resources, these birds primarily feed on the seeds for whichthey are best adapted. This is an example of ____ selection.

Back 16

disruptive

Front 17

Heterozygotes for the sickle cell trait have an adaptive advantage in areas where malaria is prevalent. This is anexample of ____.

Back 17

a balanced polymorphism

Front 18

A random change in allele frequency over time that is brought about by chance alone is known as ____.a. genetic drift

Back 18

genetic drift

Front 19

Which population is more likely to be affected by genetic drift?

Back 19

12 squirrels in a forest

Front 20

Overhunting of species, such as tigers, reduces their numbers and their genetic diversity. This is an example of _____.

Back 20

a bottleneck

Front 21

The Old Order Amish in Lancaster County is descended from one man and woman and has an unusually highfrequency of a recessive allele that causes Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. This is an example of ____.

Back 21

a founder effect

Front 22

The movement of alleles among populations is called _____.

Back 22

gene flow

Front 23

In the universal ABO blood grouping system, there are four phenotypes - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined bythree different alleles. The presence of three alleles in the ABO blood grouping system is an example of ____.

Back 23

a polymorphism

Front 24

What is one result of the bottleneck effect?

Back 24

decreased genetic diversity

Front 25

The process of speciation always includes ____ isolation.

Back 25

reproductive

Front 26

Two species of toads have been successfully interbred in a laboratory but do not hybridize in nature because onespecies mates in summer and the other mates in the fall. This is an example of ____ isolation.

Back 26

reproductive

Front 27

In Lake Victoria, hundreds of cichlid fish species arose after the lake last dried up 12,400 years ago. This is anexample of ____.

Back 27

sympatric speciation

Front 28

. In the 16th century, a Spanish ship explored a Pacific Island that had a small mountain range separating it. Mice thatwere on the ship escaped onto the island on both sides of the mountain range. After decades of separation the twopopulations developed different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in reproductive isolation that prevented any futureinterbreeding. This speciation event is an example of ____.

Back 28

allopatric speciation

Front 29

Over evolutionary time, flowering plants have evolved colors, odors, and nectar that attract pollinating insects and theinsects have evolved mechanisms that detect the changes in plants and to better collect pollen. This is an example of ____.

Back 29

coevolution

Front 30

The appearance of lungs was a(n) ____ that drove the evolution of land vertebrates.

Back 30

key innovation

Front 31

When a physical barrier separates a population, leading to the evolution of new species on either side of the barrier,____ has occurred.

Back 31

allopatric speciation

Front 32

A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as ____.

Back 32

macroevolution

Front 33

The emergence of hundreds of Hawaiian honeycreeper species from a single flock introduced to this islandarchipelago millions of years ago is an example of ____.

Back 33

adaptive radiation

Front 34

A ____ is a structural modification that enables an individual to exploit their habitat more efficiently.

Back 34

key innovation