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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by
A) using enzymes to digest their food. B) ingesting it. C) preying on animals. D) consuming living, rather than dead, prey. |
B
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The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis?
A) changes in the homeobox genes governing early development B) the evolution of meiosis C) natural selection of sexually immature forms of insects D) the origin of a brain E) the development of an oxidizing atmosphere on Earth |
A
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What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?
A) type of body symmetry B) body cavity between body wall and digestive system C) number of embryonic tissue layers D) presence of Hox genes E) degree of cephalization |
E
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Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
A) cells that have mitochondria B) nervous conduction and muscular movement C) the structural carbohydrate, chitin D) flagellated gamete sE) heterotrophy |
B
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The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?1. identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos2. anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos3. positioning of tentacles in cnidarians4. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos
A) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 B) 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 C) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 D) 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 E) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 |
e
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All animals can trace their lineage to a common ancestor that lived in the _____.
A) Devonian B) Pliocene C) Cenozoic D) Neoproterozoic era E) Jurassic |
D
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Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of
A) a large meteor impact. B) mass extinction. C) evolutionary stasis. D) adaptive radiation. |
D
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Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Eumetazoans have three embryonic tissue layers. B) Sponges are diploblastic animals. C) All animals share a common ancestor. D) The origin of all extant animal phyla can be traced to the Cambrian explosion. E) Most animal phyla belong to the clade Radiata. |
C
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Some researchers claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes, but no Hox genes. If true, this finding would
A) mean that sponges must no longer be classified as animals. B) mean that extinct sponges must have been the last common ancestor of animals and fungi. C) confirm the identity of sponges as "basal animals." D) strengthen sponges' evolutionary ties to the Eumetazoa. E) require sponges to be reclassified as choanoflagellates. |
c
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A sponge's structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the
A) epidermal cells. B) amoebocytes. C) choanocytes. D) pore cells. |
b
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How many of the following can be observed in the mesohyl of various undisturbed sponges at one time or another?
1. amoebocytes 2. spicules 3. spongin 4. zygotes 5. choanocytes A) 1 and 2 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 |
c
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In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
A) pore cell B) epidermal cell C) amoebocyte D) choanocyte |
D
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Which of the following are entirely, or partly, composed of calcium carbonate?
A) coral animals' exoskeletons B) spicules of siliceous sponges C) molluscs' mantles D) insects' cuticles E) nematodes' cuticles |
A
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The members of which clade in the phylum Cnidaria occur only as polyps?
A) Cubozoa B) Hydrozoa C) Anthozoa D) Scyphozoa |
c
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Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes "jellies" with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae?
A) Cubozoa B) Scyphozoa C) Anthozoa D) Hydrozoa |
b
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Corals are most closely related to which group?A) freshwater hydras
B) barnacles C) sea anemones D) sponges E) jellies |
c
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Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because
A) their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions. B) none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment. C) their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions. D) they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm. |
b
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The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found
A) encysted in freshwater snails. B) crawling in the abdominal blood vessels of cows and pigs. C) encysted in the muscles of an animal, such as a cow or pig. D) crawling in the intestines of cows and pigs. |
c
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A radula is present in members of which clade(s)?
A) bivalves B) bivalves, gastropods and chitons C) chitons, gastropods and cephalopods D) bivalves and chitons E) bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods |
c
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Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes?
A) They have a gastrovascular cavity. B) All species can be characterized as scavengers. C) They have a true coelom. D) Many species are diploblastic. E) They have only longitudinal muscles. |
e
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