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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The endangered species status of red wolf was once doubtful, because the red wolf was not considered as a species; instead it was thought to be a hybrid between the ______ and the ______.
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Grey wolf, coyote
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The common biological definition proposed by Ernst Mayr states: Groups of actually or potentially ______ natural populations which are ______ isolated from other such groups.
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Interbreeding, reproductively
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3. The ______ definition was used by Linnaeus in his classification system that is based of the concept of ______ of species.
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Typological species, fixative
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4. The four species definitions used in biological classification are: ______, ______, ______, and ______.
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typological species definition, morphological species definition, ecological species definition, biological species definition
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The challenges in defining species include:
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___modes of reproduction___
___phenotypic variations___ ___different types of organisms___ ___ecological niches___ ___fossils of extinct organisms___ |
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Two most important considerations of the pluralistic species definition are to achieve
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cohesion___ and ___parsimony___.
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The three mechanisms of speciation are
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allopatric___ speciation, ___sympatric___ speciation, ___parapatric
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Speciation is a multi-step process that takes place over many generations. The first step of mutation is when two populations become ______ isolated from each other. This prevents interbreeding and blocks ______.
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geographically, gene flow
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New traits occur through mutation; these traits will assume by the population through
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natural selection___ and ___genetic drift
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There are only two species of orangutans in the world, and they live in the tropical rain forest of
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Sumatra___ and ___Borneo
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The frequent type of speciation is known as ______ speciation, which is caused by ______, leading to the interruption of _____.
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allopatric, geographical isolation, gene flow
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There are two existing chimpanzees living in the ______ rain forests, one is the common chimpanzees. The other one is the ______.
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Africa, bonobos
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A long lasting ______ in Zaire 2 million years ago, forcing the ______ from the bonobo’s foraging area.
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Draught, gorillas
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Africa was entirely covered by forest ______ years ago, until a global weather change caused by the formation of the ______ mountain range.
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8 million, Himalayan
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Human footprints dated 3.5 million years in age were found in ______. They were shown to belong to ______.
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Laetoli, Homo afarensis
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The three mating barriers are
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habitat, behavioral, and temporal barriers
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The two fertilization barriers are:
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mechanical and gametic barriers.
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The three hybrid survival barriers are
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reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown
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How long ago when this human behavioral first appeared?
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Pair bonding ___1.7___ million years ago
Controlled of fire ___1.0___ million years ago Stone tools ___2.0___ million years ago Home base ___2.0___ million years ago Language ___200,000___ years ago Bipedalism ___4.0___ million years ago |
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Homo heidelbergensis split around 250,000 years ago into
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Homo neanderthalensis___ and ___Homo sapiens___.
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The first human species who left Africa was ______ about ______ years ago.
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homo erectus, 1.8 million yrs ago
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The first human stone tool was a
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hand axe made by homo habilis
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At about 145,000 years ago, Africa suffered from a severe ___ and the ancestors of ______ nearly became ______.
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drought, modern humans, exctinct
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Evidence from ______ suggested that all modern humans are descendents from a small band of humans living in ______ about ______ years ago.
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molecular data, Africa, 110,000
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Neandertal spear points were made from ______, and they were not designed for ______.
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Stone, throwing
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Human spear points were made from ______, and they can be thrown from a great distance with another invention known as the ______.
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antler, spear thrower
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Prehistoric arts in the form of beads and carving first appeared in association with ______ about ______ ago
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modern humans, 40,000 yrs
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The human brains have 100 ______ neurons with 100 ______ connections.
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billion, trillion
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The Paleolithic hand axes were used for:
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cutting, digging, knocking off flakes, and butchering animals
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Human brain is vital in ______, as it is used as a display of ______.
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courtship, reproductive fitness
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