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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Single celled organisms like amoeba "eat" by engulfing entire cells. The most likely method the amoeba use for "eating" is:
a. passive transport b. "normal" active transport c. endocytosis d. exocytosis |
c. endocytosis
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When a person is in need of an organ transplant, a proper donor must be found that "matches" the recipient. THe cells of the immune system are trained to attack and reject any cells or tissues that have foreign markers on them. Based on this information, it is likely that the thing being "matched" in a transplant is:
a. all of the proteins in the cell membrane b. the glycoproteins in cell membrane which serve as identifying markers c. cholesterol within cell membrane d. each of phospholipids within cell membrane |
b. glycoproteins in cell membrane which serve as identifying markers
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A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive phosphates over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactive phosphate to test hypothesis?
a. starch produced by plants in area b. DNA of organisms in area c. amino acids within proteins produced by organisms living in area d. all of the above |
b. DNA of organism in area
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Researchers testing new drugs usually give drug to one group of people and give placebos, "sugar pills," to another group. The group receiving the placebo:
a. constitutes the experimental group b. needed so that test will be repeated enough times c. control group d. backup in case of some of people getting drug drop out test |
c. control group
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Which of these structures would never be found in an animal cell?
a. endoplasmic reticulum b. nucleus c. central vacuole d. cell membrane e. mitochondria |
c. central vacuole
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Which is the correct statement concerning cellulose?
a. it removes fat soluble vitamins from digestive tract b. can be used to produce alot of energy c. humans digest cellulose easily d. its made of many glucose molecules |
d. it is made of many glucose molecules
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The "rough" in rough endoplasmic reticulum refers to the presence of ______ which ________.
a. cytoskeleton fibers; help maintain structure of cell b. ribosomes; produce proteins c. golgi complex; sorts ER contents d. chloroplasts; produce energy |
b. ribosomes; produce proteins
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What is difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
a. covalent bonds are sharing of electrons while ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons from one atom to another b. covalent bonds are sharing of electrons while ionic bonds are sharing of protons c. covalent bonds involve attraction between slightly charged molecules while ionic bonds involve attraction between two fully charged ions d. none of the above are correct |
a. covalent bonds are sharing of electrons while ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons from one atom to another
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According to FDA guidelines, your diet should contain the least amount of these on a daily basis:
a. fats b. carbs c. starch d. proteins |
d. proteins
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You received your genetic material from your parents in form of DNA. Your DNA provides your cells with instruction for making:
a. cholesterol b. proteins c. lipids d. polysaccharides |
b. proteins
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Pancreatitis is a disorder that causes human pancreas cells to destroy all components in cell and die. This disorder would involve a problem with which of these organelles?
a. lysosomes b. mitochondria c. ribosomes d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
a. lysosomes
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Which of the following structures are not found in every living cell?
a. cytoplasm b. cell membrane c. plasmids d. ribosomes |
c. plasmids
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Oxygen, with an atomic # of 8, has _______ electrons in the first electron shell and ______ electrons in the second electron shell.
a. 1, 7 b. 2, 6 c. 3, 5 d. 4, 4 e. 5, 3 |
b. 2, 6
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In animals, the process of hydrolysis is used to _______ polymers such as starch. After this process is complete the process of dehydration synthesis is used to _______ polymers such as glycogen.
a. build; build b. build; break down c. break down; break down d. break down; build |
d. break down; build
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Human sperm cells must move through fallopian tubes to reach an egg cell. This requires ______ for movement and ________ to supply energy.
a. cilia; lysosome b. cytoskeleton; golgi c. flagella; golgi d. flagella; mitochondria e. cilia; mitochondria |
d. flagella; mitochondria
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Deuterium and tritium are isotopes. Which of the following is ture?
a. they have same atomic weight but different atomic #s b. they vary in # of electrons they contain c. they contain same # of protons d. they vary in amount of water they contain |
c. they contain same # of protons
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A bacterial cell is unable to attach to surfaces. Which of the following cell structures must it be lacking?
a. flagella b. spores c. pili d. plasmids e. cell wall |
c. pili
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All of the organisms in a given area compose a(n):
a. species b. population c. community d. ecosystem |
c. community
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What is the molecule illustrated in the figure below?
a. a trans fatty acid b. a saturated fatty acid c. a monounsaturated fatty acid d. a polyunsaturated fatty acid |
b. a saturated fatty acid
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living things?
a. They need to have the ability to reproduce b. They need a source of nutrients to produce energy c. They are composed of at least two cells d. They need to have the ability to adapt and evolve |
c. They are composed of at least two cells
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A cell contains 5% glucose, 20% starch, and 10% protein. The solution surrounding cell contains 15% glucose, 5% starch, and 5% protein. ________ will move by facilitated diffusion ________ the cell, while water will move ________ the cell due to the effects of osmosis.
a. glucose; out of; into b. protein; out of; out of c. glucose; into; into d. starch; out of; into |
c. glucose; into; into
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Suppose you are suffering from dehydration. One reason for this could be that your cells were subjected to a _______ solution which caused them to lose water.
a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. diffusion |
b. hypertonic
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A white blood cell is capable of producing and releasing thousands of antibody molecules every second. Antibodies are large, complex protein molecules. How would you expect them to leave the cell?
a. normal active transport b. exocytosis c. endocytosis d. passive transport e. they can move using any of these methods |
b. exocytosis
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You are classifying an organism and trying to determine to which domain it belongs. THe relatively small organism absorbs its food, is unicellular and was collected from a person suffering from an infection. This organism probably belongs in the domain:
a. Eukarya b. Archaea c. Bacteria d. Not enough info given |
c. Bacteria
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Suppose you are testing the effects of a new artificial sweetener. Four groups of mice consume different amounts of artificial sweetener in their food. THe control group is the one that receives:
a. 10 mg/ml of artificial sweetener b. milk instead of water c. extra food d. no artificial sweetener e. extra exercise f. no food |
d. no artificial sweetener
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A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation:
a. should present no problem to cell since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions b. should present no problem to cell because surface area of cell will increase as volume of cell increases c. will eventually be problematic since surface area to volume ratio is decreasing d. none of the above |
c. will eventually be problematic since surface area to volume ratio is decreasing
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Based on your knowledge of chemical composition of humans, your body would contain the smallest amount of:
a. magnesium b. carbon c. oxygen d. hydrogen |
a. magnesium
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Which of the following situations would cause smallest change in pH?
a. addition of a strong base to solution b. addition of a weak base to solution c. addition of a strong acid to solution d. addition of a weak acid to a solution which contains buffers |
d. addition of a weak acid to a solution that contains buffers
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A solution with a pH of 2 is:
a. neutral b. strongly acidic c. weakly acidic d. weakly basic e. strongly basic |
b. strongly acidic
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WHich of the following is not true concerning homeostasis?
a. its used to regulate body conditions such as pH and temperature b. when body makes a significant change from normal homeostatic values, serious consequences (including death) may occur c. it allows for major fluctuations in body conditions d. it is the maintenance of constant internal conditions |
c. it allows for major fluctuations in body conditions
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Which of the following cell organelles is not correctly matched with its function?
a. lysosome: lipid synthesis b. chloroplasts: photosynthesis c. rough endoplasmic reticulum: glycoprotein production d. mitochondria: site for cellular respiration and production of ATP e. central vacuole: water and nutrient reserves for plants |
a. lysosome: lipid synthesis
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The way one atom interacts with another atom is determined by the:
a. protons b. neutrons c. ions d. electrons |
d. electrons
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Permeability of cell membrane is based on what?
a. pH of substance trying to cross cell membrane b. size of cell membrane c. size of substance trying to cross cell membrane d. amount of water inside and outside of cell |
c. size of substance trying to cross cell membrane
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You have a situation where a cells contains 5% solute and is placed into a solution that contains 10% solute. WHich of the following are true?
a. The cell is hypotonic and solution is hypertonic b. Only cell is hypertonic c. Only solution is hypotonic d. Only solution is hypertonic e. Not enough info to figure this out. |
d. Only solution is hypertonic
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The individual atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds while water molecules cling together due to _______ bonds.
a. Hydrogen, Covalent b. Ionic, Hydrogen c. Covalent, Hydrogen d. Covalent, Ionic e. None of the above |
c. Covalent, Hydrogen
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Which of the following processes causes substances to move across membranes without the expenditure of cellular energy?
a. endocytosis b. active transport c. exocytosis d. diffusion e. none of these answers |
d. diffusion
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An ocean study consisting of fish, whales, algae, clams, water, and sand composes:
a. population b. community c. ecosystem d. lots of organisms |
c. ecosystem
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Which of these is in the correct order from smallest to largest?
a. ecosystem- community- tissues- atoms b. atoms- organelles- organism- population c. molecules-atoms-tissues-community d. molecules-atoms-cells-organs-ecosystem |
b. atoms-organelles-organism-population
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Ability of some bacteria to cause disease relates to presence of both:
a. plasmids and capsules b. cytoplasm and a nucleoid region c. ribosomes and DNA d. cell membrane and plasmids |
a. plasmids and capsules
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Following is taken from label of Tostitos Light made by Frito Lay, "Vitamins A, D, E, and K have been added." Why is this label needed?
a. Because everyone needs extra vitamins b. Because Olestra can attract remove these vitamins from intestinal tract c. All junk food is low in vitamins and should be supplemented d. all the above |
b. Because Olestra can attract and remove these vitamins from intestinal tract
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The drug DNP destroys the H+ gradient that forms in the electron transport chain (so that the H+ can't build up). The most likely consequence would be:
a. cells will be forced to perform fermentation b. ATP production will increase c. glycolysis will stop d. There shouldn't be any changes that occur |
a. cells will be forced to perform fermentation
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Your friends are trying their luck at making wine. They have added yeast and glucose to grape juice. A week later the notice that the sugar has been used up by the yeast but there is no alcohol (ethanol) in the mixture. The best explanation is:
a. They should have provided more oxygen to stimulate ethanol production b. they should have lowered oxygen supply to stimulate ethanol production c. they should have added less glucose d. they should have added more glucose |
b. they should have lowered the oxygen supply to stimulate ethanol production.
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Plant cells:
a. do not perform cellular respiration b. do not need mitochondria because photosynthesis produces all ATP they need c. have both chloroplasts and mitochondria d. do not need chloroplasts because mitochondria make all glucose they need |
c. have both chloroplasts and mitochondria
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Which of the following is an endergonic reaction:
a. alcoholic fermentation b. transition reaction c. electron transport chain d. Calvin cycle of photosynthesis |
d. Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis
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Term cycle is best used to describe dark reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis because:
a. same reactions occur every time b. process begins and ends with RuBP c. process depends on products from light reactions d. PGAL is synthesized during process |
b. process begins and ends with RuBP
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Your breakfast cereal contains 5 grams of fat and 25 g of carbs. You will be consuming:
a. 45 calories from fat, and 250 calories from carbs b. 50 calories from fat and 250 calories from carbs c. 100 calories from fat and 40 calories from carbs d. 45 calories from fat and 100 calories from carbs e. not enough info to determine |
d. 45 calories from fat and 100 calories from carbs
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Suppose an experiment is performed in which plant #1 is suplied with normal CO2 but with water that is labeled with radioactive oxygen atoms. Plant #2 is supplied with normal water but with CO2 that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Each plant is allowed to perform photosynthesis and the oxygen gas and PGAL (or glucose) molecules are analyzed for the presence of radioactive oxygen. Plant #1 will produce radioactive oxygen gas and plant # ______ will produce radioactive PGAL.
a. 1; 2 b. 2; 1 c. both will produce radioactive oxygen d. both will produce radioactive PGAL |
a. 1; 2
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Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on electron carrier molecules to provide electrons to ultimately help produce ATP. In photosynthesis the source of electrons is from _____ and in cellular respiration the source of electrons is from _______.
a. carbon dioxide, glucose b. glucose; water c. carbon dioxide; oxygen d. water; glucose |
d. water; glucose
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Three important helpersin process of cellular respiration are NAD+, FAD, and CoEnzyme-A. Where do they come from?
a. breakdown of glucose b. we get them from eating plant products c. B vitamins from our diet d. foods high in fat |
c. B Vitamins from our diet
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Which of the following situations is proven to speed up metabolism?
a. adding exercise to your routine b. using strong stimulants c. having a fever d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Your roommate has symptoms that include being thirsty a lot, frequent urination, and fatigue. A reasonable guess as to what is causing these symptoms is that:
a. she is taking stimulants for weight loss b. she is on the Atkin's diet c. she has diabetes d. she is taking creatine supplements |
c. she has diabetes
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The most important part of the 1st three steps of aerobic cellular respiration is:
a. glucose is broken down into smaller pieces b. carbon dioxide is produced c. some ATP is made |
d. NAD+ and FAD collect electrons and hydrogen ions for electron transport chain
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Which of the following is true of type I diabetes?
a. Insulin levels are near normal b. Target cells do not respond to insulin c. It is the more common form of diabetes d. It is an autoimmune disease. e. It usually occurs in middle-aged people |
d. it is an autoimmune disease
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Lately, there is a lot of talk about the glycemic index (GI) in dieting. What is the glycemix index?
a. a measure of grams of carbs in a particular food item b. a measure of how fast carbs are released into blood stream c. measure of how many grams of fat are in a particular food item d. a measure of how fast cells perform glycolysis |
b. a measure of how fast the carbs are released into the blood stream
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Which of the following supplements is not matched properly?
a. creatine phosphate: an appetite suppressant that helps decrease calories consumed b. ephedrine: a thermogenic stimulant that increases body temperature c. diuretics: cause you to excrete water via urine to make it seem like you have lost weight d. nitric oxide stimulators: allege that they cause increased blood flow to muscles e. caffeine: a very mild stimulant and appetite suppressant |
a. creatine phosphate: an appetite suppressant that helps decrease calories consumed.
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A scientist is studying how various substances are used and changed in cellular respiration. In one experiment, she allowed a mouse to inhale a radioactive isotope of oxygen. She was then able to trace the location of the oxygen in the mouse. Where would the radioactive oxygen atoms show up?
a. in carbon dioxide; CO2 b. in glucose; C6H1206 c. in water; H20 d. in ATP |
c. in water; H20
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What is only benefit of fermentation?
a. that it produces a lot of ATP b. that lactic acid is made c. that ethanol is made d. that it recycles NAD+ |
d. that it recycles NAD+
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What is the definition of "female"?
a. producing the smaller, less motile gamete b. producing smaller, more motile gamete c. producing larger, less motile gamete d. producing larger, more motile gamete e. producing more gamete |
c. producing larger, less motile gamete
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If a daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of Meiosis I, how many chromosomes will each of the daughter cells contain at the Meiosis II?
a. 3 b. 12 c. 6 d. 24 |
b. 12
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If a sperm cell contains 30 chromosomes, it must have come from a parent with ______ chromosomes.
a. 30 b. 60 c. 15 d. 300 |
b. 60
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What is decreased during process of meiosis?
a. # of cells b. size of chromosomes c. # of chromosomes d. all of these decrease during meiosis |
c. # of chromosomes
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A normal human cell that is not dividing will contain _______ chromosomes. These chromosomes will each consist of ________ chromatid (s).
a. 23; 1 b. 46; 1 c. 46; 2 d. 23; 2 |
b. 46; 1
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Regarding humans, when would mitosis not be appropriate?
a. to replace cells that have died b. for growth c. to repair injured cells d. for reproduction |
d. for reproduction
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Animals rely on photosynthesis for:
a. ATP and glucose b. oxygen and CO2 c. glucose and CO2 d. oxygen and glucose |
d. oxygen and glucose
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Which of the following phases of mitosis is not matched with one of the activities that occur during that phase:
a. prophase: the nucleus disappears b. metaphase: chromatids are separated c. anaphase: chromosome # doubles d. telophase: cytokinesis occurs |
b. metaphase: chromatids are separated
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A human cell fails to undergo cytokinesis while performing mitosis so that the daughter cells do not form. How many chromosomes will be in resulting cell?
a. 184 b. 92 c. 46 d. 23 |
b. 92
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The most effective and safe way to cause weight loss is to:
a. eat normally and exercise excessively b. reduce calories a bit and exercise moderately. c. reduce calories drastically d. take thermogenic supplements to increase metabolism |
b. reduce calories a bit and exercise moderately
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A telomere is involved with:
a. regulating meiosis b. determining how many times a cell can divide c. controlling the M phase of mitosis d. the replication of cytoplasm and organelles during cell division |
b. determining how many times a cell can divide
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Female birth control interferes with meiosis via:
a. delaying release of an egg (ovulation) b. decreasing # of eggs released at ovulation c. killing egg cells d. preventing meiosis from resuming so that ovulation is prevented. |
d. preventing meiosis from resuming so that ovulation is prevented.
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You have purchased two nearly identical plants for your dorm room. One plant will be a control plant receiving only water. The second plant will receive both water and a recommended dose of fertilizer. Two months later, you find that the fertilized plant is a little bigger than the control plant. Whats the best explanation?
a. the fertilized plants was most likely in a position where it received more light causing it to grow faster. b. control plant may not have been as healthy to start with c. fertilizer provided extra glucose for plant to grow faster d. fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll e. none of these are adequate explanations |
d. fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll
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A gene on the Y chromosome causes a rare disease. A woman married to a man with the disease has three children. The first two are daughters without the disease. The third is a son. Whats the probability that he will have the disease?
a. 100% b. 50% c. 75% d. 0% e. 25% |
a. 100%
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How do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other?
a. the goal of mitosis is to produce cells which are genetically identical to the original parent cell; the goal of meiosis is to produce cells which contain twice the # of chromosomes as the original parent cell. b. mitosis results in production of gametes; meiosis results in production of cells which are used for organisms growth and replacement of damaged cells. c. synapsis and crossing over occur in mitosis to assure new combinations of genetic material; there is no synapsis and crossing over in meiosis d. the cells formed by mitosis are diploid; the cells formed by meiosis are haploid |
d. the cells formed by mitosis are diploid; the cells formed by meiosis are haploid
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Crossing over occurs during ________ and it is important because it _________.
a. Telophase II; creates daughter cels b. Prophase I; generates diversity c. Anaphase II; separates the homologous pairs d. Metaphase I; reduces chromosome # by half |
b. Prophase I; generates diversity
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Anne Boylen, King Henry VIII's second wife, was beheaded because she did not provide him with a son as an heir. Explain why King Henry shouldn't have blamed his wife.
a. The eggs that females produce contain either an X or a Y chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child is unrelated to its sex. b. All of the eggs that females produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child does not determine its sex. c. All of sperm that males produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to child determines its sex. d. none of the above |
b. All of the eggs that females produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to child does not determine its sex
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Brain cells and some muscle cells lose ability to perform mitosis at maturity. This means that these cells must be in the ________ phase of the cell cycle.
a. G0 b. G1 c. S d. G2 e. M |
a. G0
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In mitosis, the chromosome # of each of the daughter cells will be _______ the chromosome # of the parent cell.
a. same as b. more than c. exactly twice as many d. exactly half as many as |
a. same as
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Which of the following circumstances will cause your cells to perform cellular respiration at a faster rate than normal?
a. right after you eat a big meal and settle in for a nap b. while you are lounging and watching tv c. when you realize that you haven't eaten in 8 hours and are really hungry d. when you are exercising |
d. when you are exercising
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You just purchased a really cool lamp that has a green plastic shade that surrounds the light bulb. You put a plant under lamp but it dies within a week. What has happened?
a. Something is wrong with plant's chlorophyll b. Light produced by lamp can't be utilized for photosynthesis c. Plants can't live under artificial light d. You obviously have bad taste and plant was not meant to sit near this new lamp |
b. light produced by lamp can't be utilized for photosynthesis
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Which step of cellular respiration produces the least ATP?
a. transition reaction b. glycolysis c. electron transport chain d. Kreb's cycle |
a. transition reaction
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Bread dough contains yeast which causes bread dough to rise. Cakes rise by release of CO2 from baking soda. If you made a cake and a loaf of bread using same amounts of sugar (glucose), which would end up tasting sweeter?
a. cake and bread would be equally sweet because they used same amount of sugar. b. bread would be sweeter because glucose is made during fermentation c. cake would be sweeter because sweetness would not be obscured by the flavor of yeast. d. cake would be sweeter because sugar is in bread would be consumed by yeast performing glycolysis. |
d. cake would be sweeter because sugar in bread would be consumed by yeast performing glycolysis
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Semiconservative replication refers to:
a. DNA replication b. mutations c. transcription d. translation |
a. DNA replication
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The following represent steps of cloning process, but are not in order. Select choice of proper order.
1. fuse egg with a diploid cell 2. remove nucleus from an egg cell 3. insert embryo into a surrogate mother 4. extract diploid cell from an adult donor 5. allow mitosis to form the embryo a. 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 b. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 c. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 d. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
b. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3
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Which of the following are features that distinguish cancer cells from normal cells?
a. Normal cells divide rapidly; cancer cells divide very slowly b. Normal cells undergo cytokinesis; cancer cells do not undergo cytokinesis c. Normal cells have contact inhibition; cancer cells have no contact inhibition d. Normal cells can divide indefinitely; cancer cells divide a finite number of times |
c. Normal cells have contact inhibition; cancer cells do not have contact inhibition
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Which of the following terms is not matched with its correct definition:
a. benign: a non-invasive tumor b. malignant: cancerous cells with the potential to move to new locations c. chemotherapy: use of drugs which target and kill cells that have become cancerous d. metastasis: movement of cancerous cells via bloodstream |
c. chemotherapy: use of drugs which target and kill cells that have become cancerous
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The polymerase chain reaction, PCR:
a. cuts DNA at specific sequences b. makes possible to create huge numbers of copies of small pieces of DNA c. utilizes RNA to build strands of DNA d. can create messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA e. all of the above |
b. makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of small pieces of DNA strands
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Which statement is false concerning cell division and cancer?
a. Cancerous cells can become immortal b. The immune system is normally able to kill cancerous cells in the body c. Oncogenic viruses protect against cancer d. Normal cells are limited in how many times that can divide |
c. Oncogenic viruses protect against cancer
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How does DNA differ from RNA?
a. DNA uses bases A, T, C, and G; RNA uses bases A, U, C and G b. DNA uses deoxyribose sugar; RNA uses ribose sugar c. DNA is a double stranded molecule; RNA is a single stranded molecule d. All of the above |
d. all of the above
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Which of the following is incorrect concerning erythroblastosis faetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)?
a. it occurs when a pregnant woman is Rh- and fetus is Rh+ b. the condition can be prevented by injecting mother with Rhogam c. attacks the Rh+ cells of a fetus during the mothers first pregnancy d. it can be fatal to the fetus |
c. it attacks the Rh+ cells of a fetus during the mothers first pregnancy
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Embryonic stem cells are derived from:
a. fetal tissue b. umbilical cord blood c. a blastocyst d. bone marrow |
c. a blastocyst
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Suppose a patient has a late-stage form of cancer that has metastasized. If only one cancer treatment could be used, the treatment that might have a chance at helping this person would be:
a. inhibition of angiogenesis b. chemotherapy c. radiation d. surgery e. any of these would have an equal chance of being helpful in this situation |
b. chemotherapy
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Which of the following is not a test for the early detection of cancer?
a. PAP test b. mammogram c. colonoscopy d. all of these are tests for the early detection of cancer |
d. all of these are tests for the early detection of cancer
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Scientists have inserted a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into corn plants in order to:
a. increase the corn's resistance to insects b. lengthen the ripening time of the corn so it can be shipped longer distances c. directly increase the growth rate of the corn d. lengthen the ripening time of the corn so it can be shipped longer distances |
a. increase the corn's resistance to insects
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In order to be successful, chemotherapy drugs have to stop cell division. The most likely method for this would be to:
a. Speed up the cell cycle in the cancerous cells b. Interfere with the function of the spindle fibers c. Stop cellular respiration so the cancerous cells don't have energy d. Denature all the enzymes in the cell so division can't occur |
b. Interfere with function of the spindle fibers
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Which of these alternative cancer therapies is matched incorrectly?
a. Herceptin- a drug that blocks HER-2 b. Tykerb- treatment for breast cancer c. IL-11- helps body make new skin cells d. Avastin- blocks VEGF and decreases angiogenesis |
c. IL-11 - helps body make new skin cells
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What is the definition of biotechnology?
a. study of living things b. study of interactions between organisms and their environment c. modification of organisms, cells and their molecules for practical benefits d. Production of genetically identical organisms, cells or DNA molecules |
c. modification of organisms, cells and their molecules for practical benefits
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Which is the correct order of steps in the process of genetic engineering?
a. chop up DNA, amplify it, insert it into bacterial cells, grow colonies, and identify colonies b. identify colonies, grow them, insert DNA, amplify that DNA, and chop it into pieces c. amplify DNA, chop it into pieces, insert them into bacteria, identify colonies, and grow them d. insert genes into bacteria, chop up the DNA, amplify it, then grow colonies and identify them e. grow colonies, identify the right colonies, chop up their DNA, amplify it, and insert it into bacteria |
a. chop up DNA, amplify it, insert it into bacterial cells, grow colonies, and identify colonies
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Which of the following accounts for the largest percentage of our DNA?
a. introns b. genes c. promoters d. exons e. operators |
a. introns
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An allele known as BRAC1 is often found in women with breast and ovarian cancer. However, some women develop these cancers and do not have the BRAC1 allele. In addition, some women who have BRAC1 never develop breast or ovarian cancer. How can this be explained?
a. This must be an example of pleiotropy b. The BRAC1 gene must be dominant inheritance c. These types of cancers are in no way associated with specific alleles d. Something other than the gene must factor into whether cancer develops or not |
d. Something other than the gene must factor into whether cancer develops or not
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If you took a double helix and replaced its adenine (A) with radioactive A (which would allow you to trace the location of the A) and you allowed DNA replication to occur once, which of these results would you expect?
a. DNA in one of the double helices would be radioactive but no in the other one. b. the mRNA made from the double helices would be radioactive c. DNA in each of the double helices would be radioactive d. DNA would not be radioactive in either of double helices |
c. DNA in each of the double helices would be radioactive
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What does GMO stand for?
a. get more out b. genetically modified organism c. green market organism d. greatly modified organism e. Grant Mark Olin (the inventor) |
b. genetically modified organism
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A rare disorder has a mitochondrial pattern of inheritance. If a child has the disorder, can we be sure of which parent gave it to them?
a. no, it could be either parent b. yes, it is always the father c. yes, it came from both parents d. yes, it is always the mother |
d. yes, it is always the mother
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Which statement is not correct concerning cell division and cancer?
a. Apoptosis can be used to kill cancerous cells in the body b. Normal cells are limited in how many times that can divide c. Oncogenes protect against cancer d. Cancerous cells can become immortal |
c. Oncogenes protect against cancer
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Jay has type O blood, and his brother Alon has type AB blood. What are the genotypes of these boys' parents? Draw a punnett square to help you.
a. AA and BO b. AO and BB c. AO and BO d. OO and OO e. OO and BO |
c. AO and BO
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
a. epistasis: presence of certain alleles blocks the expression of other alleles b. multiple alleles: an individual acquires more than 2 alleles for a given trait c. pleitropy: a single allele contributes to several traits d. incomplete dominance: produces an offspring with a phenotype intermediate of the parents |
b. multiple alleles: an individual acquires more than 2 alleles for a given trait
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The nitrogenous bases of two DNA strands are held together by ________ bonds.
a. ionic b. polymerase c. hydrogen d. covalent |
c. hydrogen
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Which of the following human genetic diseases is not paired correctly:
a. Huntington's disease- this is a neurological disorder and the gene can be tested for b. neurofibromatosis- a problem with tumor suppresser genes c. sickle cell disease- a dominant disorder involving lysosomes d. Cystic Fibrosis- a recessive disorder that causes a problem with the viscosity of mucus |
c. sickle cell disease- a dominant disorder involving lysosomes
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Which of these terms is matched incorrectly?
a. embryonic- stem cells that can only differentiate into one specific cell type b. umbilical stem cells- stem cells that give rise to a small # of types committed to differentiating but are collected from umbilical cord of a new born c. adult stem cells- multipotent stem cells that give rise to a small number of types committed to differentiating d. all of these answers are correct |
a. embryonic- stem cells that can only differentiate into one specific cell type
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The allele R* causes a genetic disease. The normal allele is denoted as R. Your genotype is RR*. You will have the disease:
a. If the pattern of inheritance is recessive b. If the pattern of inheritance is sex-linked c. only if your parents were both carriers d. if the pattern of inheritance is dominant e. if the pattern of inheritance is mitochondrial |
d. if the pattern of inheritance is dominant
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Two parents are carriers for PKU. What percentage of their children will have PKU?
a. 25% b. 75% c. 50% d. 0% e. 100% |
a. 25%
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Which of these is not one of the major applications of biotechnology?
a. historical b. medical c. environmental d. agricultural |
a. historical
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Why aren't mutations more common?
a. Because tRNAs can correct the mistake and bring the proper amino acid to the ribosome b. Because the DNA polymerase enzyme proofreads and usually corrects its mistakes c. Because RNA polymerase can correct DNA mistakes during transcription d. Any of the above are acceptable explanations |
b. Because the DNA polymerase enzyme proofreads and usually corrects its mistakes
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Which of the following types of DNA mutations always has an effect on the protein produced:
a. Frameshift b. Point mutation c. both a and b d. none of these |
a. Frameshift
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What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes and chromosomes?
a. A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of proteins b. A gene contains many chromosomes c. A gene is composed of proteins which are found on the chromosomes d. A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of DNA |
d. A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of DNA
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How do mutations affect an organism?
a. they may cause the development of b. disease-causing allele c. they may cause the development of a more beneficial allele |
b all of the above
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The allele F codes for the presence of freckles while the allele f codes for the absence of freckles. The _______ of a person with freckles would be FF an individual without freckles would be __________ recessive for this trait.
a. phenotype; heterozygous b. phenotype; homozygous c. genotype; homozygous d. genotype; heterozygous |
c. genotype; homozygous
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DNA sample from an organism reveals that it is composed of 30% thymine. What percentage of guanine does this organism have?
a. 30% b. 20% c. 40% d. 15% |
b. 20%
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The Russian-American biochemist Phoebus Levene was the first to determine that nucleotides may contain one of four different nitrogen-containing bases. Levene believed that the nitrogen-containing bases occurred in equal amounts in DNA. What is the actual proportion of these bases?
a. DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and guanine, and equal amounts of thymine and cytosine. b. They do actually occur in equal amounts. Levene was right. c. DNA contains equal amounts of guanine and thymine, and equal amounts of adenine and cytosine. d. DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and thymine, and equal amounts of guanine and cytosine e. DNA contains twice as much of adenine and thymine, as guanine and cytosine |
d. DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and thymine, and equal amounts of guanine and cytosine
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Blood cells and muscle cells make different proteins because:
a. they are not yet differentiated b. blood cells contain only genes for making blood cell proteins and muscle cells only contain muscle protein genes c. all cells of an organism have the same genes and express all of them d. Even though they both have the same genes, they express different genes |
d. even though they both have the same genes, they express different genes
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Which of the following is not needed in a therapeutic cloning procedure?
a. an egg cell b. a surrogate mother c. a diploid cell d. all of these are needed |
b. a surrogate mother
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Immunotherapy includes all of the following except:
a. destroying blood vessels that serve tumors b. making cancer cells more recognizable to the immune system c. enhancing the body's ability to repair and replace normal cells d. boosting killing power of immune system |
a. destroying blood vessels that serve tumors
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A virus that is in the active phase will do all of the following except:
a.insert into the host's DNA b.make more viruses c.eventually lyse (kill) the host d.take over the host machinery |
a.insert into the host's DNA
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The most fit individuals in a population are:
a.the strongest b.the largest c.the ones that reproduce the most d.all of these are correct |
c.the ones that reproduce the most
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The primary driving force for evolution in populations is:
a.competition b.climate c.mutations d.habitat |
c.mutations
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The selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an example of:
a.stabilizing selection b.directional selection c.artificial selection d.disruptive selection |
b.directional selection
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Which of the following is the most common situation concerning your immune system?
a.it fights infections slowly so that you get sick but them recover on your own b.it fails completely c.it fights infections very quickly so that you do not get sick d.all of these happen commonly |
c.it fights infections very quickly so that you do not get sick
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Which of these viruses are known to be oncogenic (meaning they insert into protooncogenes)?
a.HPV b.HSV-1 c.influenza d.all of the above are oncogenic viruses |
a.HPV
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Your friend has a minor acne problem. She sees her dermatologist who gives her a prescription for the oral antibiotic tetracycline to destroy the bacteria causing her acne. She is supposed to take this antibiotic daily for an indefinite amount of time. Which of the following should not be of concern?
a. she may become immune to the antibiotics so if she needs them for something serious later on, her body won't respond to them b.by taking these antibiotics unnecessarily, she is contributing to the problem of antibiotic resistance c.the oral antibiotics may disrupt the normal flora (resident bacteria) in her body d.all of these are valid concerns |
a. she may become immune to the antibiotics so if she needs them for something serious later on, her body won't respond to them
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Which statement is correct concerning the flu?
a. It is a bacterial infection b. You can get the flu repeatedly because it is an RNA virus that changes its genetic material frequently c. The vaccine for the flu is always effective in preventing the flu d. It is caused by a herpes virus |
b. You can get the flu repeatedly because it is an RNA virus that changes its genetic material frequently
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Which of the following disorders is never transmitted by contaminated food?
a.Salmonella c.botulism b.E. coli O157:H7 d.tetanus |
d.tetanus
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Which of these sexually transmitted diseases can't be completely prevented even with proper use of a condom (assume “normal: sexual contact)?
a.gonorrhea b.genital herpes (HSV-2) c.chlamydia d.all of these are preventable |
b.genital herpes (HSV-2)
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Which of these disorders in not matched properly with its symptoms or a key characteristic of the disease?
a. botulism: produces a neurotoxin that causes continuous contraction of muscles b. gonorrhea (in males): painful urination and discharge c. meningitis: a high fever, headache, and stiff neck (the patient can't touch their chin to their chest) d. tuberculosis: can be detected by the TB skin test or by chest x-ray |
a. botulism: produces a neurotoxin that causes continuous contraction of muscles
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Which of the following is incorrect about herpes viruses?
a. they have latent periods b. they can only become active one time c. they can insert into a person's chromosome and become latent d. chicken pox is caused by a herpes virus |
b. they can only become active one time
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Example of monosomy
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turner's syndrome
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