Bio Exam Review

Front 1

What is a manipulated variable?

Back 1

One that changes.

Front 2

How many repeated measurements should you take?

Back 2

A minimum of 3.

Front 3

During an experiment, the parts that remain the same:

Back 3

Constant

Front 4

What is not found in a controlled experiment?

Back 4

Uncontrolled variables

Front 5

A possible explanation put into a testable statement is:

Back 5

A hypothesis.

Front 6

One cm^3 is equivalent to:

Back 6

1 ml

Front 7

During meiosis the separation of a gene pair on one pair of chromosomes and its distribution to gametes is independent of the distribution of other gene pairs on other pairs of chromosomes. This is called:

Back 7

the law of independent assortment

Front 8

The exchange of corresponding parts of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is called:

Back 8

crossing over

Front 9

Any hybrid individual organism is:

Back 9

heterozygous

Front 10

A gene that expresses its trait and masks or stops another gene of a pair is said to be:

Back 10

dominant

Front 11

The child of two individuals, one heterozygous with type A blood, and the other heterozygous with Type B blood, has about what chance of having Type O blood?

Back 11

25%

Front 12

These two scientists discovered the structure of DNA and produced a model of how it works:

Back 12

Watson and Crick

Front 13

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly is called:

Back 13

nondysjunction (a mutation)

Front 14

Traits that are determined by genes on the X chromosomes are said to be:

Back 14

sex-linked

Front 15

How do spontaneous mutations act on the gene pool?

Back 15

they provide variety

Front 16

Which one of the following gases is NOT thought to have been present in much quantity in Earth's early atmosphere?

Back 16

oxygen

Front 17

The first forms of life most likely contained:

Back 17

bacteria - prokaryotes

Front 18

Most fossils are found in:

Back 18

sedimentary rock

Front 19

A fossil of an ancient fish's fin shows a bone structure that is quite similar to a human hand. This similarity might suggest that:

Back 19

evolutionary-liked; homologous organs

Front 20

The age of the earth is estimated to be about:

Back 20

4.6 bya

Front 21

What sort of adaptation does the Viceroy and Monarch butterfly suggest?

Back 21

mimicking

Front 22

The age of fossils can be determined by measuring the amount of what variable in the rock?

Back 22

carbon-14

Front 23

Natural variation is a vital theoretical part of Darwinian evolutionary thought because it:

Back 23

is the survival of the fittest

Front 24

Bacteria are primarily classified by their:

Back 24

shapes

Front 25

The phylum Arthropoda includes animals with:

Back 25

jointed legs

Front 26

Which group of animals have a covering of hair?

Back 26

mammals

Front 27

What represents a classification for organisms?

Back 27

a dichotomus key

Front 28

Who is the persona generally credited with devisint the binomail classificaly system?

Back 28

Linaeus

Front 29

The science of classifying living things is called:

Back 29

taxonomy

Front 30

The scientific name for corn is Zea mays. Zea is what?

Back 30

genus

Front 31

For grasshoppers and locusts to be in the same family, they must also be in the same:

Back 31

order

Front 32

Complex organ systems are found primarily in what kingdom?

Back 32

animal

Front 33

Which magnification should be used to observe the largest field of view of a leaf?

Back 33

relatively small number

Front 34

If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be what type of cell?

Back 34

eukaryotic

Front 35

What is a structure common to plant cells but not found in animal cells?

Back 35

cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole

Front 36

The organelle that is involved in the digestion of large particles is the:

Back 36

lysosome

Front 37

Which of the following structures are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cless?

Back 37

ribosomes

Front 38

What is a primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Back 38

nucleus

Front 39

What is the major component of most cell membranes?

Back 39

phospholipids

Front 40

The system of folded membranes or canals that act as a transport system for the cell is/are:

Back 40

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 41

The overall functions of a eukaryotic cell are managed by what structure?

Back 41

nucleolus

Front 42

A lysosome fused to a vacuole in a cell is most similar in function to what organ in a multicellular organism?

Back 42

stomach

Front 43

Cell membrane proteins act as:

Back 43

keys/transport systems

Front 44

Aqueous homeostasis is maintained in all organisms through the action of which cell structure?

Back 44

membrane

Front 45

What ideas are included in the current cell theory?

Back 45

1. all cells come from existing cells
2. everything is made from cells
3. cells are the basis of life

Front 46

The statement "All living cells arise from preexisting cells" was first proposed by:

Back 46

virchow

Front 47

the smallest units of life in all living things are:

Back 47

cells

Front 48

What would probably happen if you place a saltwater protozoan in fresh water?

Back 48

shrink

Front 49

what is the principal role of the enzymes in cells?

Back 49

catalysts

Front 50

Water dissolves a great many differnet ionic and molecular compounds because of what characteristic?

Back 50

polarity

Front 51

nucleic acids are made up of:

Back 51

nucleotides

Front 52

chemical analysis of mitochondria indicates that these organelles:

Back 52

produce energy

Front 53

Where does enzyme manufacture take place?

Back 53

ribosomes

Front 54

the plasma membrane of plant and animal cells is made of:

Back 54

phospholipids and protein

Front 55

most metabolic waste of animals includes:

Back 55

CO2 and H20

Front 56

which organic compounds are the building blocks of proteins?

Back 56

amino acids

Front 57

describe the shape of a lipid.

Back 57

a head and two tails

Front 58

describe the shape of a sugar molecule

Back 58

pentagon/hexagon

Front 59

describe the shape of a protein

Back 59

chain

Front 60

the primary difference between RNA and DNA is that RNA has:

Back 60

uracil, one-strand, ribose

Front 61

in DNA, the base cytosine pairs with only what other base?

Back 61

guanine

Front 62

the "code word" or codon for an amino acid is made of how many bases?

Back 62

3

Front 63

what is the subunit of a carb?

Back 63

glucose

Front 64

subunit of a lipid?

Back 64

fatty acid

Front 65

subunit of a protein?

Back 65

amino acids

Front 66

subunit of a nucleic acid?

Back 66

nucleotide

Front 67

amino acids are carried to ribosomes after they are attached to:

Back 67

tRNA

Front 68

what binds the chains of amino acid molecules together?

Back 68

peptide bonds

Front 69

is it necessary for a molecule of mRNA to attach to a ribosome for protein production?

Back 69

yes, it decodes

Front 70

anticodons are a part of which molecules?

Back 70

tRNA

Front 71

the process by which proteins are built is called:

Back 71

protein synthesis

Front 72

the DNA of all living things contain the same four nitrogen bases:

Back 72

guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine

Front 73

which component of plant vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals?

Back 73

xylem

Front 74

students observing onion skin cells and cheek cells could tell the difference between them because onion skin cells have:

Back 74

cell walls, chloroplasts, rectangular

Front 75

the process by which organic molecules are assembled from smaller subunits by dehydration is called synthesis and requires energy. what is the name of the opposite process, where macromolecules are broken down and energy is released?

Back 75

hydrolysis

Front 76

in a chlorplast, the single circles that are stacked are called:

Back 76

thylocoids

Front 77

the stack of circles:

Back 77

grana

Front 78

the stringy stuff:

Back 78

stroma

Front 79

osmosis involves the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane in which direction?

Back 79

high -> low

Front 80

leaves are primarily used for:

Back 80

photosynthesis

Front 81

stomata are surrounded by:

Back 81

guard cells

Front 82

the genetic material found in the nucleus of most cells is composed of:

Back 82

DNA

Front 83

the shape of a DNA molecule could best be described as a:

Back 83

double helix

Front 84

two identical daughter cells result from the division of a single cell. what is this process called?

Back 84

mitosis

Front 85

if the body cell of an animal has 28 chromosomes, its diploid (2N) number is:

Back 85

56

Front 86

chromosomes line up in a single row along the equator of a cell in what phase of cell division?

Back 86

metaphase

Front 87

which structures push and pull the chromosomes into place during cell division?

Back 87

spindle fibers

Front 88

chromosomes diffuse or uncoil to form a new nucleus during what phase of cell division?

Back 88

telephase

Front 89

cyanobacteria are:

Back 89

blue-green algae

Front 90

simple organisms without a nucleus, such as bacteria, are in what kingdom?

Back 90

monerans

Front 91

to produce fertile offspring two organisms generally need to be in the same:

Back 91

species

Front 92

which mammals are where the young have an early developmental period inside a pouch?

Back 92

marsupials

Front 93

in order to reproduce, amphibians must:

Back 93

return to water

Front 94

what are viruses?

Back 94

non-living things until they find hosts

Front 95

if two organisms share a very high % of amino acid sequences, how are they related?

Back 95

similar DNA

Front 96

what are tracheophytes?

Back 96

plants from the ground

Front 97

angiosperms primarily produce seeds in:

Back 97

fruit

Front 98

examples of vascular plants without seeds are:

Back 98

ferns

Front 99

gymnosperms are plants that often produce seeds in:

Back 99

cones (pinecones)

Front 100

what is the enzyme injected by a virus into a host cell which changes viral RNA into DNA?

Back 100

polymers

Front 101

why is the drug AZT used to treat AIDS?

Back 101

helps boost

Front 102

CO2 accounts for about what % of atmosphere?

Back 102

21%

Front 103

a cat eats a snake, which ate a grasshopper, which ate some grass. the grasshopper was a:

Back 103

primary consumer

Front 104

if many of the soil bacteria in a forest were destroyed, which substances would be less available for tree growth?

Back 104

SPONCH

Front 105

nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death and:

Back 105

decomposition

Front 106

a relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit is called:

Back 106

mutualistic

Front 107

the group formed by several populations occupying the same area is called:

Back 107

community

Front 108

what principal factors have led a massive increase in the world's human population over the last 500 years?

Back 108

better health, technology, etc.

Front 109

about what is the current human population?

Back 109

6.2 bil

Front 110

what would be an accurate statement about the current trends in human world population?

Back 110

increasing

Front 111

the regular progression of species replacement in a developing ecosystem is called:

Back 111

succession

Front 112

what practices led to the recent success in reestablishing the bald eagles' population?

Back 112

laws and regulations on hunting

Front 113

which primary products result from photosynthesis and are the starting point for cellular respiration?

Back 113

sugar and oxygen

Front 114

in most plants, photosynthesis occurs most rapidly when the plants are exposed to equal intensities of:

Back 114

sunlight

Front 115

the raw materials used by green plants for photosyntehsis are:

Back 115

CO2 and H2O

Front 116

the broad, flat structure of the leaves of most plants makes them well adapted to

Back 116

absorbing sunlight

Front 117

what can go in the blank?
6CO2+6H20->_____+6O2

Back 117

C6H12O6 (photosynthesis)

Front 118

green plastids that trap sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in simple sugar molecules are called:

Back 118

chloroplasts

Front 119

what is the process by which the energy needed for cellular activities is released from glucose?

Back 119

cellular respiration

Front 120

the breakdown of glucose in the asbsence of oxygen is known as:

Back 120

fermentation

Front 121

the term that represents all of the chemical activities that occur in an organism is:

Back 121

metabolism

Front 122

identify the waste products of respiration:

Back 122

CO2 + H2O + energy

Front 123

the energy in glucose is released in what process?

Back 123

cell respiration

Front 124

when glucose and fructose join together to form sucrose, a water molecule is released. this process:

Back 124

dehydration synthesis

Front 125

many monosaccharides joined together never form:

Back 125

cellulose, disaccharides

Front 126

when polysaccharides split, water is taken in and used to do the splitting:

Back 126

hydrolysis

Front 127

a triglyceride is formed with one glycerol molecule and what else?

Back 127

3 fatty acids

Front 128

which of the following are not formed by combos of amino acids?

Back 128

proteins, meats, enzymes, pigments, etc.

Front 129

why do plants not live at depths greater than 100m in oceans?

Back 129

no sunlight

Front 130

the kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep blood chemically balanced. this process is an example of cells using energy for what purpose?

Back 130

homeostasis

Front 131

the ability of the human body to maintain a constant body temperature is an example of:

Back 131

homeostasis/equilibrium

Front 132

which of the following substances passes through the cell membrane by the process of osmosis?

Back 132

H2O