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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells |
The structural and functional unit of an organism (are alive) |
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Are viruses alive according to the book? (Why/why not) |
No; need a host cell to replicate |
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Do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have organelles? |
Eukaryotic |
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Who was the first person to observe a cell and invent the microscope? |
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek |
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Who coined the term "cell" and said it looked like cells in a monastery? |
Robert Hooke |
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Who found that plants are composed of cells? |
Matthias Schleiden |
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Who stated that animals are composed of cells? |
Theodore Schwann |
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What is the cell theory? |
All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells, they are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms, and all cells come from other cells |
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How big are cells? |
Small then 1mm, as small as 1 micrometer |
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Why is it important that cells are small? |
Nutrients can enter the cells, waste can exit |
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What happens when cells increase in volume? |
Surface area decreases |
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What is a plasma(cell) membrane? |
Surrounds the cell as a boundary and is made of phospholipid bilayer |
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What is cytoplasm? |
The semi fluid medium inside of a cell made of water, salt, and dissolved organic molecules |
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What's a cell wall? |
Located outside of plasma membrane made of peptidoglycan |
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What's a capsule? |
A gelatinous sheath that surrounds the cell wall of some bacteria |
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What's fimbriae? |
Appendages in some bacteria that help attach to surfaces |
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Flagellum |
A long thin appendage in some bacteria used for movement |
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___ & ___ make up fungi cell walls |
Cellulose and chitin |
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How big is a nucleus? |
About 5 micrometers |
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What does the nucleus store? |
DNA |
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What are chromosomes? |
compacted DNA |
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What's a nucleolus? |
Where RNA is made |
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What is a nuclear envelope? |
A double membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm |
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What are nuclear pores |
Openings in a nuclear envelope that allow transport of proteins and Ribosomal subunits |
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Where is the site of protein synthesis? |
Ribosomes |
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Where are ribosomes found? |
On rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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What does the endomembrane system consist of? |
Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus |
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Rough ER |
Studded with ribosomes and processes, folds, and modifies proteins |
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Smooth ER |
Has no ribosomes, synthesizes steroids and phospholipids, and stores calcium |
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What is the Golgi Apparatus? |
Stack of 3-20 curved sacs that acts as the "shipping center" of the cell |
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What's is called when something is discharged out of the cell? |
Secretion |
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What are lysosomes? |
The "garbage disposal" of the cell, breaks down unwanted parts of cell |
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What are vacuoles? |
Large membranous sacs that store water pigments and toxins |
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What are peroxisomes? |
Membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes derived from cytoplasmic ribosomes |
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What is the main energy organelle in plants? |
Chloroplast |
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What is the main energy organelle in animals? |
Mitochondria |
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Which cell is related to photosynthesis? |
Chloroplast |
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Which organelle is related to cell respiration? |
Mitochondria |
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What is the fluid filled space bounded by double membranes in chloroplast? |
Stroma |
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What are the stacks of thylakoids in chloroplast called? |
Grana |
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What is the inner fluid filled space in mitochondria? |
Matrix |
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What are the folds in mitochondria called? |
Cristae |
