Bio Exam 5 Ch 15

Front 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Back 1

All oxygen from the air to enter the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to exit into the air ano

Front 2

Another word for breathing

Back 2

Ventilation

Front 3

Fancy words for inhale & exhale

Back 3

Inspiration; expiration

Front 4

The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to do 3 things. What are they?

Back 4

1. External respiration: exchange of gases between air and the blood

2. Transport: transport gases to and from the lungs and the tissues

3. Internal respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid

Front 5

When does lung volume increase/decrease?

Back 5

Increases with inspiration, decreases with expiration

Front 6

What happens to air as it moves along the airways?

Back 6

Cleansed, moistened, warmed

Front 7

Nasal cavity: description and function

Back 7

Description: hollow spaces in nose

Function: filter, warm, and moisten air

Front 8

Pharynx: description, function

Back 8

Description: chamber posterior to oral cavity; lies between nasal cavity and larynx

Function: connection to surrounding regions

Front 9

Glottis: description, function

Back 9

Description: opening into larynx

Function: passage of air into larynx

Front 10

Larynx: description, function

Back 10

Description: cartilaginous organ that housed the vocal cords; voice box

Function: sound production

Front 11

Trachea: description, function

Back 11

Description: flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi

Function: passage of air to bronchi

Front 12

Bronchi: description, function

Back 12

Description: paired tubes inferior to the trachea that enters the lungs

Function: passage of air to lungs

Front 13

Bronchioles: description, function

Back 13

Description: branches tubes that lead from bronchi to alveoli

Function: passage of air to each alveolus

Front 14

Lungs: description, function

Back 14

Description: soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy lateral portions of thoracic cavity

Function: contain alveoli and blood vessels

Front 15

Lungs: description, function

Back 15

Description: soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy lateral portions of thoracic cavity

Function: contain alveoli and blood vessels

Front 16

Alveoli: description, function

Back 16

Description: thin-walled microscopic air sacs in lungs

Function: gas exchange between air and blood

Front 17

Pharynx and it's 3 parts

Back 17

Pharynx: connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx

Nasopharynx: where the nasal cavities open posterior to soft palate

Oropharynx: where the mouth opens

Laryngopharynx: opens into the larynx

Front 18

What are vocal cords?

Back 18

Folds of mucosa that vibrate to make sounds

Opening in the middle (glottis)

Front 19

What 3 things are in the trachea?

Back 19

1. C shaped cartilage rings

2. Cilia to sweep miscues toward pharynx

3. Goblet cells to make mucus

Front 20

What 3 things are in the trachea?

Back 20

1. C shaped cartilage rings

2. Cilia to sweep miscues toward pharynx

3. Goblet cells to make mucus

Front 21

What destroys the cilia in the trachea?

Back 21

Smoking

Front 22

What lines the trachea?

Back 22

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 23

What is the carina?

Back 23

Where primary bronchi split off

Front 24

What is the bronchial tree order?

Back 24

Primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli

Front 25

How many loves do the lungs have?

Back 25

Right has 3

Left has 2

Front 26

What kind of cartilage is in bronchi? What kind in bronchioles?

Back 26

Hyaline; none in bronchioles

Front 27

What is the thin serous membrane that covers the lungs?

Back 27

Pleura

Front 28

What does pleura do?

Back 28

Produced lubricating serous fluid that helps pleura slide freely during breathing

Front 29

What are the 3 pleura? (Inner to outer)

Back 29

1. Visceral pleura

2. Pleural space

3. Parietal pleura

Front 30

What are alveoli made of?

Back 30

Simple squamous epithelium surrounded by blood capillaries

Front 31

What happens in gas exchange?

Back 31

Occurs between the air in the alveolus and blood in the capillaries

-oxygen diffuses across the walls into blood

-carbon dioxide diffuses into alveoli

Front 32

What helps prevent alveoli from closing?

Back 32

Pulmonary surfactant

Front 33

What is it called when premature infants lack surfactant?

Back 33

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Front 34

What 3 things are we susceptible to bc of constantly being exposed to the air in the environment?

Back 34

1. Various infectious agents

2. Pollution

3. Tobacco smoke

Front 35

Where can upper respiratory infections spread?

Back 35

Middle ear or sinuses

Front 36

What is the most common virus that causes a cold?

Back 36

Rhinovirus

Front 37

Pharyngitis: second name, symptoms, treatment

Back 37

Streptococcus pyogenes

Symptoms: sore throat, fever, white patches

Treated by antibiotics

Front 38

Tonsillitis

Back 38

Lymphoid tissues becomes inflamed and enlarged. Can lead to removal (tonsillectomy)

Front 39

Laryngitis

Back 39

Inflammation of larynx

Causes hoarseness and difficulty speaking (polyps can develop on vocal cords)

Front 40

Sinusitis

Back 40

10% of up respiratory infections accompanied by this

Symptoms: postnasal discharge, headache, facial pain

Development: when congestion blocks sinus openings

Front 41

Otitis media

Back 41

Inflammation of the middle ear

Nasal infections spread to the ear by Eustachian tubes

Front 42

Otitis media

Back 42

Inflammation of the middle ear

Nasal infections spread to the ear by Eustachian tubes

Front 43

What is helpful for children with chronic otitis media?

Back 43

Tympanostomy tubes

Front 44

What 3 things cause disorders of the lower respiratory tract?

Back 44

1. Foreign objects lodged in trachea

2. Excessive mucus in bronchi or bronchioles

3. Conditions that restrict normal elasticity

Front 45

Emphysema

Back 45

Chronic and incurable, damages walls of alveoli, reduces surface area for gas exchange, COPD with smoking

Front 46

Cystic fibrosis

Back 46

Caused by defective protein needed for Cl- transport

Recessive genetic disorder

Front 47

What is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women?

Back 47

Lung cancer

Front 48

How many cases of lung cancer are associated with smoking?

Back 48

87%

Front 49

What are the 5 progressive steps of lung cancer?

Back 49

1. Thickening of cells lining bronchi

2. Loss of cilia

3. Appearance of cells with atypical nuclei

4. Tumor formation

5. Metastasis - cancer cells spread