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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major trends in the evolution of animals include
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1)cephalization, the development of a definite head region
2) the development of types of symmetry 3) variation in coelomic cavities 4) the development of segments |
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In __________, the first embryonic opening becomes an anus, and the second becomes the mouth.
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deuterostomes
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Sponges are
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Filter Feeders
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Jellyfishes are
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medusae forms of cnidarians
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Which of the following organisms possesses a segmented body with coelom, a complete digestive system, and a closed circulatory system?
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earthworm
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Which of the following organisms have an exoskeleton?
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arthropods
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A water-vascular system that
operates the tube feet is characteristic of the tube comprising the |
echinoderms
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Sharks and rays belong to the
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cartilaginous fishes
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Vertebrate colonization of terrestrial habitats increased dramatically with the evolution of
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shelled egg
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The early hominid fossils are found in
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Africa
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True or False?
Animal Cells do NOT have walls |
True
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All animals
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are motile for at least some stage in the life cycle.
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Coelom
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A body cavity that is fully lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
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Most animals have _______ symmetry
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Bilateral
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Earthworms are most closely related to
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leeches
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Roundworms & Arthropods
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Have a cuticle and molt as they growl.
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What are four distinguishing chordate traits?
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-Pharynx with gill silts
-Notochord -Dorsal nerve cord -Tail ending beyond anus |
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What chordate traits are retained by an adult tunicate?
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-Pharynx with gill silts
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True or False?
A backbone is always made of bone. |
False
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All vertebrates are______ but only some are______.
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Chordates & amniotes
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Amniote adaptations to land include
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-Waterproof skin
-Internal fertilization -Highly efficient kidneys -Specialized eggs |
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True or False
All hominids belong to the species Homo |
False
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Birds and placental mammals
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have mammary glands.
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Sponges
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no true tissues, no organs
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Cnidarians
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nematocyst producers
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Flatworms
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saclike gut, no coelom
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Roundworms
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complete gut, false coelom
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Annelids
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segmented worms
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Arthropods
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jointed exoskeleton
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Mollusks
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mantle over body mass
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Echinoderms
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tube feet, spiny skin
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Amphibians
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first terrestrial tetrapods
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Fishes
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most diverse vertebrates
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Reptiles
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lay amniote eggs
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Mammals
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feed young secreted milk
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The most ancient to least ancient
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-Origin of animals from colonial protist
-Cambrian explosion of diversity -First jawed vertebrates evolve -Tetrapods move onto land -Extinction of dinosaurs -First hominids evolve |
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A tissue is defined as
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one or more cell types that
perform specific functions |
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Which body structure is not composed of epithelial tissue?
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Spinal cord
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Which tissue type will contain gland cells?
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epithelial
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What is the function of adipose tissue?
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-energy storage
-cushion the organs -protection -insulation |
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Which tissue type will contract in
response to neural signals? |
skeletal muscle
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Which fiber type is under voluntary control?
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skeletal muscle
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Which organ will act as a barrier against pathogens?
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skin
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Which organ system will deliver nutrients and oxygen to the cells?
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circulatory
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What type of mechanism controls
body temperature? |
negative feedback
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What form of stimulus will cause the blood vessels of the skin to decrease in diameter and contract?
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decrease in temperature
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Epithelial
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are tissues are sheetlike with one free surface.
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Basement membrane
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connects epithelium to underlying connective tissues
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Most animals have glands derived from
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Epithelial
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Epithelial
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Only cells have cilia or microvilli at their surface.
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The most abundant protein in the human body is _____ made by fibroblasts.
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Collagen
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Blood
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is mostly plasma.
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Your body converts excess carbohydrates and protein to fates which accumulate in
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Adipose tissue cells
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Connective
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tissue are the body's most abundant and widely distributed tissue.
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Cells of____ can shorten (contract)
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Muscle Tissue
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______ muscle tissue have a striated appearance.
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Skeletal & Cardiac
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Nervous tissue
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detects and integrates info about changes and controls responses to those changes.
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Thin cytoplasmic projections form cells called_____ signals between your spinal cord and your toes.
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neurons
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The function of skin include
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-Defense against pathogens
-Production of Vitamin D -Helping to cool the body |
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When the level of sugar in your blood falls too low your body senses this decline and converts glycogen to sugar, putting more sugar into your blood. This is an example of_____
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Negative feedback & hometostasis
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Exocrine Gland
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Secretes through duct
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Endocrine Gland
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ductless hormone, secreter
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Epidermis
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outermost skin layer
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Cardiac Muscle
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in heart only
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Cartilage
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support in ear and nose
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Smooth Muscle
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contracts, not striated
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Blood
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plasma, platelets, and cells
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Melanin
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darkens skin
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What type of skeleton is an internal fluid filled chamber?
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hydrostatic
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What structures are found between the vertebrae?
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cartilage pads
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What structure does the vertebral column protect?
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spinal cord
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Which bone is found in the pectoral girdle?
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scapula
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Bones are wrapped in __________ tissue(s).
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dense connective
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__________ occurs when the bones of a joint move out of place.
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A dislocation
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__________ connects muscle to bone.
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A tendon
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Once the stored ATP is consumed, what substance will muscles turn to for energy?
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creatine phosphate
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A motor unit is made up of
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muscle fibers and motor neurons.
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What type of exercise makes muscles more resistant to fatigue?
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anaerobic exercise
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A hydrostatic skeleton consists of
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A fluid in an enclosed space
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Bones are
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-mineral reservoirs
-skeletal muscle's partners -sites where blood cells form |
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The human backbone_____
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-consists of vertebrae and intervertebral cartiliage disks
-has a shape adapted to upright walking -enloses the spinal cord |
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Bones move when_____ muscles contract.
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skeletal
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A ligament connects___
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bones at a joint
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Binding of ATP to ____ activates it and prepare it to take part in muscle contraction
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myosin
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A sarcomere shortens when___
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none of this happens
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Release of ___ from intracellular storage allows acting and myosin to interact
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calcium ions
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ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by____
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-aerobic respiration
-lactate fermentation -creatine phosphate breakdown |
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A motor unit____
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a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
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A muscle can ____ bone
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pull on
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What protein makes up the thick filaments in a sacromere?
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myosin
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The knee is a ____ joint.
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synovial
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femur
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thigh bone
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radius
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forearm bone
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vertebrae
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segments of back bone
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sternum
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breastbone
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cranial bones
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part of skull
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muscle fatigue
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decline in muscle tension
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muscle twitch
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brief contraction
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muscle tension
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force exerted by contraction
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muscle dystrophy
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genetic disorder of muscles
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osteoporosis
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decline in bone density
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Arthritis
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chronic joint inflammation
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sprain
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damage to ligaments
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dislocation
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misplaces bones
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lactate fermentation
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makes ATP w/out oxygen
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aerobic respiration
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makes ATP; requires oxygen
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Ectotherm
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An organism that regulates its body temperature largely by exchanging heat with its surroundings
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Radial Symmetry
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Having parts arranged around a central axis, like spokes around a wheel
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Tendon
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Stretchable attachment between parts
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Dermis
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Deep layer of skin consisting of connective tissue with nerves and blood vessels running through it
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Myofibril
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Many myofibrils make up a skeletal muscle fiber
A myofibril consists of units of sarcomeres, lined up along its length |
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Exocrine Gland
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secretes onto a surface (internal or external)
secretes milk, sweat, saliva, oil, or some other substance through a duct |
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Squamous epithelium
Type of Epithelial tissue |
thinnest
Lines blood vessels, the heart, and air sacs of lungs Allows substances to cross by diffusion; exchange of gases & nutrients |
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Cuboidal epithelium
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• Lines kidney tubules, small intestines, ducts of some glands, oviducts
• Absorbs, secretes, moves materials |
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Columnar epithelium
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• Lines some airways, parts of the gut
• Absorbs, secretes materials |
