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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ecology
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The study of how living things (organisms) interact with their environments.
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Biosphere
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The portion of the earth that supports life. ( from deep in the ocean to high into the atmosphere)
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Biotic Factors
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All of the living parts of the environment ( plants, animals, fungus, bacteria, protists)
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Abiotic Factors
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The nonliving parts of the environment. ( air, water, weather, temperature, soil, light, etc.)
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Food Chain
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A simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy flow through an ecosystem, (nutrients move from autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers)
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Food Web
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All of the possible feeding relationships in a community.
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Consumers
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Heterotrophs (take in food)
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Producers
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Autotrophs (plants make their own food using the sun's energy)
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Herbivores
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Plant eaters
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Carnivores
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Meat eaters
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Omnivores
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Eat both plant and animals
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Scavengers
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Get energy from eating dead things
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Decomposers
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Organisms such as fungi that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms.
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Ecosystem
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The interactions among populations in a community and its physical surroundings.
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Community
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A collection of populations.
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Populations
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A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place
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Organism
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A living thing
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habitat
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the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it ( p. 90 )
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niche
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full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions ( p. 91 )
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resource
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any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space ( p. 92 )
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competitive exclusion principle
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ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time ( p. 92 )
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predation
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interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism ( p. 93 )
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symbiosis
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Any relationship in which two species live closely together is called symbiosis (sim-by-OHsis), which means "living together."
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mutualism
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symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship ( p. 93 )
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commensalism
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symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed ( p. 93 )
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parasitism
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symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it ( p. 93 )
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ecological succession
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gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance ( p. 94 )
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primary succession
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succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists ( p. 94 )
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pioneer species
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first species to populate an area during primary succession ( p. 94 )
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secondary succession
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succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil ( p. 95 )
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