Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
light microscopes
|
optical instrument with lenses that bend visible light to magnify images of specimens
|
|
organelles
|
formed bodies with specialized functions in cytosol of eukaryotic cell
|
|
electron microscope
|
microscope that focuses electron beam on specimen
|
|
scanning electron microscope
|
microscope that uses electron beam to scan surface of a specimen to study its topography
|
|
transmission electron microscope
|
microscope that aims the electron beam in very thin sections to study internal ultrastructure of cells
|
|
cell fractionation
|
process that takes cells apart in order to seperate the organelles from one another
|
|
ultracentrifuges
|
are able to seperate cell components by size and density
|
|
cytosol
|
semifluid substance where organelles can be found
|
|
prokaryotic cell
|
lacks membrane around the nucleus and lacks membrane-bounded organelles
|
|
nucleoid
|
dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
|
|
eukaryotic cell
|
true nucleus with membrane bounded organelles and nuclear envelope
|
|
cytoplasm
|
region between nucleus and the plasma membrane
|
|
plasma membrane
|
selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the cell
|
|
nucleus
|
contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell
|
|
nuclear lamina
|
netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope
|
|
chromosomes
|
structures that carry genetic information
|
|
chromatin
|
mixture of DNA and proteins
|
|
nucleolus
|
located in the non-dividing nucleus formed from proteins. it is an active in ribosome synthesis
|
|
ribosome
|
particles made of rRNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis
|
|
vesicles
|
sacs made of membranes
|
|
smooth ER
|
outside surface lacks ribosomes
|
|
rough ER
|
ribosomes stud the outer surface of the ribosomes
|
|
glycoproteins
|
proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them
|
|
transport vesicles
|
tiny membranous sac in cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell
|
|
golgi apparatus
|
receives products of the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them, stores them for sending to various destinations in the cell
|
|
phagocytosis
|
process by which cell engulfs particles
|
|
contractile vacuole
|
pumps excess water out of the cell and maintains the concentration of salt and other molecules
|
|
central vacuole
|
membranous sac in a mature plant that plays an important role in reproduction, growth, and development
|
|
tonoplast
|
membrane that encloses the central vacuole separating vacuolar contents and the cytosol
|
|
mitochondria
|
site for cellular respiration, ATP is extracted from sugars, fats, and other fuels
|
|
chloroplasts
|
site for photosynthesis in plants
|
|
peroxisome
|
oxidative organelles not part of endomembrane system that import proteins from the cytosol
|
|
cristae
|
infoldings of the membrane
|
|
mitochondrial matrix
|
second component of the mitochondrion that is enclosed by an inner membrane
|
|
thylakoids
|
interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast
|
|
granum
|
stacks of thylakoids
|
|
stroma
|
fluid outside the thylakoid containing chloroplast, DNA, enzymes, and ribosomes
|
|
cytoskeleton
|
network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm for mechanical and transport functions
|
|
motor proteins
|
interacts with cytoplasm to allow for cell motility
|
|
microtubules
|
thickest fibers of the cytoskeleton
|
|
microfilaments
|
thinnest fibers of the cytoskeleton
|
|
intermediate filaments
|
fibers whose diameter range between those of the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
|
|
centrosome
|
region near nucleus that organizes microtubules
|
|
centriole
|
nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring within animal cell
|
|
flagella
|
beats through specialized arrangement of microtubules that allow for cell motility
|
|
cilia
|
locomotor appendages that protrude from the cell
|
|
basal body
|
anchors microtubule assembly of cilia/flagellum
|
|
dynein
|
large contractile protein forming side arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella
|
|
actin
|
globular protein making up microfilaments
|
|
myosin
|
type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction
|
|
pseudopodia
|
cellular extensions that allow for amoeboid movement and feeding
|
|
cytoplasmic streaming
|
circular flow of cytoplasm within cells
|
|
cell wall
|
extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguish them from animal cells
|
|
primary cell wall
|
thin and flexible wall secreted by young plants
|
|
middle lamella
|
sticky layer of pectins
|
|
secondary cell wall
|
exists between the primary cell wall and the plasma membrane that deposits layers for cell protection and support
|
|
extracellular matrix
|
substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of proteins and polysaccharides
|
|
collagen
|
glycoprotein in extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers
|
|
proteoglycans
|
glycoprotein in extracellular matrix of animal cells rich in carbohydrates
|
|
fibronectin
|
glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix
|
|
integrins
|
receptor protein built into the plasma membrane interconnecting extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton
|
|
plasmodesmata
|
open channel in cell wall of plant where strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell
|
|
endomembrane system
|
system of membranes in a eukaryotic cell that are related either through direct contact or transfer of membranous vesicles
|