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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Heredity

The passing of traits from generation to generation

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Monohybrid Cross

When you study only one characteristic (like a flower color)

Allele

Different alternate versions of genes

Homozygous V.S. Heterozygous

When it's expression the same two alleles (Dominant or Recessive) or the other is recessive and dominant

Dominant V.S. Recessive Allele

Dominant allele will express a trait no matter what while a recessive trait will only express it if it's both recessive

Law of Segregation

Sperm and egg only each carry one set of alleles so they each give their sets to reunite the pairs and make them whole again

Phenotype

The expression of a trait (physical manifestation)

Genotype

The genetic makeup of a trait

Di-hybrid Cross

When you examine two traits co-occurring in an organism

Law of Independent Assortment

When the inheritance of two traits doesn't effect the other

Testcross

Use a dominant organism with unknown genotype and mate it with a homozygous recessive organism to determine the genotypes of the offspring which can be used to determine the original dogs genotype

Rules of Multiplication

Use in a monohybrid cross multiply the chance of each trait with the other to determine the chances of getting it

Pedigree

An arrangement of the genotypes of a family into a tree, can be used to determine the genotypes of everyone if one is known (has to be a recessive gene)

Carriers

Both parents are heterozygous that can pass the recessive genes onto their children who will express them (sometimes a recessive dominant problems) Cystic Fibrosis

Dominant Disorders

Any child who is born into parents with a dominant disease have at least a 50% chance of getting it (Huntington's)

Incomplete Dominance

When you fall in between two phenotypes so you express both of them

Pleitropy

When a single gene influences several characteristics

Polygenic Inheritance

When a phenotype exist on continuum, skin color and human height are examples. Several genes effect one phenotype

Epigenetics and Environment

When things other than DNA transfer effects the expression of genes. You can modify DNA using chemicals and environment.

Linked Genes

Genes that tend to travel together during meiosis and fertilization

Sex-linked Genes

1,100 codes for proteins are found on the x chromosomes while the y chromosome only has 25 codes for proteins, so most sex linked genes are on the x chromosomes