Bio. Chapt. 3

Front 1

What do plants have that algae don't?

Back 1

leaves, roots, stems, water-conducting materials

Front 2

scientists debate whether algae is in which 2 kingdoms?

Back 2

kingdom protista or plantae

Front 3

how long has algae been on earth??

Back 3

2 billion years

Hint 3

a long time

Front 4

algae are classified into how many types of phyla? and based on what?

Back 4

6 types and based on type of chloroplast!

Front 5

what are the 3 unicellular phyla?

Back 5

dinoflagellites, diatoms, euglenoids

Front 6

what are the 3 multicellular phylas?

Back 6

green red and brown algae

Front 7

which of the algae is the most plant-like?

Back 7

green algae

Front 8

where is green algae found?

Back 8

frwshwater and damp terrestrial places and sloth fur

Front 9

what do the cell walls of green algae contain?

Back 9

cellulose and store food reserves in the form of starch

Front 10

whats another name for brown algae?

Back 10

seaweed

Front 11

what are brown algae cell walls made of?

Back 11

cellulose and alginic acid

Front 12

where do brown algae usually live? how?

Back 12

underwater. use holdfasts to anchor algae to rocky shoreline

Front 13

where is red algae usually found?

Back 13

warmer seawater and are able to live at deeper depths

Front 14

are red and brown algae single or multicellular

Back 14

red is multicellular

brown is almost always multicellular

Front 15

how are red algae diff. than brown algae

Back 15

more delicate and smaller

Front 16

why are red algae red?

Back 16

contain pigments that absorbs green violet and blue light.

Front 17

what is the hypothesis about green algae? whats the proof!

Back 17

that they are the closest evolutionary relatives of land plants.

• presence of chlorophyll a and b

• cellulose in cell walls

• store food in the form of starch

• simularities in genetic code

Front 18

when did plants evolve from aquatic to terrestrial environments?

Back 18

460 million years ago

Front 19

how did algae adapt to life on land?

Back 19

reproduced using embryos

developed vascular tissues seeds and flowers

Front 20

how did vascular tissue change the small and simple plants into cooler things?

Back 20

allowed evolution of roots which gave access to anchoring the plant down and absorbing and transporting water. which let the plants grow in drier areas

Front 21

why did leaves evolve?

Back 21

to increase SA of plant and allowed better exchange of gases involved in photosynthesis and light capture

Front 22

what are the general characteristics of kingdom plantae?

Back 22

Front 23

what are the four main groups a plant can be placed in?

Back 23

non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Front 24

what are the 3 divisions of non-vascular plants?

Back 24

mosses, liverwarts, hormwarts

Front 25

how do non-vascular plants transport nutrients?

Back 25

with osmosis and diffusion

Front 26

where do non-vascular plants grow?

Back 26

dense mats of low tangled vegetation

Front 27

what do non-vascular plants have instead of roots?

Back 27

rhizomes

Front 28

when do seedless vascular plants originate?

Back 28

about 300 million years ago

Front 29

what did vascular tissue do for the plants

Back 29

allowed them to grow tall

Front 30

where are horsetails found?

Back 30

in damp areas or along roadsides

Front 31

what can horsetails be made into?

Back 31

shampoo to fight headlice

Front 32

whats the most successful of the seedless vascular plants

Back 32

ferns

Front 33

whats the diff. between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Back 33

gymnosperms have needles and angiosperms have leaves.

gymnosperms have exposed seeds on the surface of the cone scales while angiosperms have them protected in a fruit body

Front 34

how do gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce?

Back 34

sexually. gymnosperms don't use water and angiosperms use pollination

Front 35

why are conifers in triangle shaped?

Back 35

for snow to slide off

Front 36

what are bryophytes and how are they diff. from other groups of plants?

Back 36

they're non-vascular. they don't have roots and rely on osmosis

Front 37

explain the statement "bryophytes are the pioneers that conquered land"

Back 37

they converted the barren land into a lush green landscapes

Front 38

what are the 2 life cycle generations of a bryophyte?

Back 38

gametophyte and sporophyte

Front 39

how are bryophytes helpful for the environment?

Back 39

help reduce soil erosion, nutrient recycling

Front 40

what are the characteristics of seedless vascular plants?

Back 40

have vascular tissue, no seeds, moist enviorment

Front 41

what are some examples of organisms in kingdom fungi?

Back 41

mushrooms toadstools mildews yeast moulds

Front 42

are fungi mostly uni or multicellular

Back 42

multicellular

Front 43

fungi kingdom looks simular to ___ but are more like ___

Back 43

plants animals

Front 44

what are the 4 ways fungi get nutrition? whats the majority way?

Back 44

parasitic, predatory, mutualistic, saprobial. saprobial is pop.

Front 45

what are digestive enzymes?

Back 45

are released and break down large organic molecules into smaller organic ones.

Front 46

what are the diseases fungi can give ya

Back 46

althletes foot and ringworm

Front 47

whats the simplest asexual way for fungi to reproduce?

Back 47

fragmentation

Front 48

how many spires can a puffball produce ?

Back 48

a trillion

Front 49

what are the original ancestors to fungi

Back 49

unknown

Front 50

what are the 5 subgroups in the fungi kingdom and which one if them is the only one to reproduce sexually?

Back 50

imperfect, chytrids, zygospore fungi, sac fungi and club fungi (sexually)

Front 51

whats so special about lichen

Back 51

composite organism

Front 52

what are the ways animals are classified?

Back 52

levels of organization

symmetry and body planes

body cavities

segmentation

movement

reproduction

analyze the risks posed to biodiversity

Front 53

what are the shared characteristics of animals

Back 53

- multicellular

- eukaryotic

- heterotrophic

- have nervous and muscle tissue

- mostly sexual reproduction

- mostly mobile

Front 54

what are the general characteristics of animals

Back 54

eukaryotic

heterotrophic

require oxygen for cellular respiration

all evolved from common ancestor

Front 55

what is homologies

Back 55

shared characteristics

Front 56

what are the 3 forms of symmetry. explain em

Back 56

asymmetrical- no symmetry

radical- symmetrical along any planes through central axis

bilateral- single line of symmetry with left/right sides

Front 57

cells that work together for the same function form a ___

Back 57

tissue

Front 58

tissues that work together for the same function form an ___

Back 58

organ

Front 59

organs that work together for the same function form an ___ ___

Back 59

organ system

Front 60

what are the 3 body layers and what they include

Back 60

ectoderm- skin and nerve tissue

mesoderm- muscle and blood

endoderm- lungs and liver

Front 61

what's invertabrate mean

Back 61

do not possess a dorsal nerve cord or spine of any sort

Front 62

what does the phylum parifera mean

Back 62

pore bearing

Front 63

whats phylum platyheminthes mean

Back 63

flat worms

Front 64

what does phylum annelida mean

Back 64

segmented worms

Front 65

what does the phylum cnidaria possess

Back 65

stinging cells

Front 66

whats the phylum antropoda mean

Back 66

jointed feet

Front 67

what are the 4 classes of arthropods?

Back 67

class Arachnidia

class Crustacea

class Merostoma

class Myriapoda

Front 68

what does Phylum Mollusca mean

Back 68

thin shelled

Front 69

what are the 3 classes of molluscs? and what's in them

Back 69

Class Cephalopodia (octopus, squid)

Class Bilalvia (clams, mussels, oysters)

Class Gastropoda (snails and slugs)

Front 70

What's the phylum Echinoderkata mean

Back 70

spiny skin

Front 71

compare external vs internal fertilization.

Back 71

internal occurs inside female. external occurs outside female

Front 72

how do sponges differ from other animals

Back 72

symmetrical body and no tissue

Front 73

chordata include,,,

Back 73

fish

amphibians

reptiles

birds

mammels

Front 74

name 5 of the general characteristics of animals

Back 74

- vertebrates

- internal skeleton

- gills or lungs

- ventral heart

- closed circulatory system

- multilayered skin

-have hair, feathers, claws, horns

Front 75

what is Agnantha and whats is contain?

Back 75

without a jaw. includes big scary fast fish

Front 76

Whats gnathostomata? and what classes do they contain????

Back 76

phylum that contains jaws. Classes are class Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia

Front 77

what are the 3 groups in the class Mammalia and what's in them

Back 77

monotrems (lays eggs)

Marsupials ( pouched animals)

Placental mammels (humans)

Front 78

what is mycelium and where is it found?

Back 78

a complex net like mass made up of branching hyphae. Found in soil and other nutritious substances.

Front 79

define embryo and how its associated with green plants

Back 79

an organisms prebirth stage of development. plants reproduce using them

Front 80

what are the 5 current threats to all living organisms

Back 80

habitat destruction

invasive species

illegal trade

pollution

climate change

Front 81

What are some of the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems?

Back 81

male to female ratio changed

fish need more oxygen

appetite and feeding patterns changed

Front 82

which is the male reproductive part vs female

- Archegonia

- antheridia

Back 82

female

male

Front 83

whats the dom. lifecycle in ferns?

Back 83

sporophyte

Front 84

whats the diff. between monocots and dicots

Back 84

Front 85

label the flower diagram on pg 102

Back 85