Bio Chapter 3

Front 1

phospholipid

Back 1

a molecule shaped like a head with 2 tails the head is polar and the 2 tails are nonpolar. The head is attracted to water molecules which are also polar

Front 2

lipid bilayer

Back 2

a double layer of phospholipids

Front 3

cell surface protiens

Back 3

protiens within the plasma membrane of a cell

Front 4

channels

Back 4

cell surface protiens that have a series of non polar amino acid sequences causing them to loop back and fourth through the membrane bilyer many times

Front 5

receptor protiens

Back 5

specialized to transmit information from world outside cell to interior

Front 6

hormones

Back 6

chemicals that are secreted by tissues called glands

Front 7

cell surface markers

Back 7

long exterior arms on cell surface protiens with carbohydrates attached to them

Front 8

passive transport

Back 8

movement of a substance through a cell's membrane without the expenditure of the cellular energy.

Front 9

diffusion

Back 9

the net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concenration

Front 10

equailibrium

Back 10

the situation that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space

Front 11

solute

Back 11

a substance that dissolves in another

Front 12

solvent

Back 12

a substance that dissolves the solute

Front 13

solution

Back 13

mixture of the solute and the solvent

Front 14

osmosis

Back 14

net water movement through a membrane in response to the concentration of a solute

Front 15

osmotic pressure

Back 15

the increaed water pressure that results from osmosis

Front 16

hypertonic

Back 16

describes a solution with a lowerconcentratin of solute molecules then the solution across a selectivelt permiable membrane

Front 17

hypotonic

Back 17

the surrounding solution that has a lower cosentration of solutes then the cell.

Front 18

isotonic

Back 18

concentration of solutes in the cell and fluid is the same.

Front 19

selectivly permeable

Back 19

allows passage of some solutes but not others

Front 20

facilitated diffusion

Back 20

diffusion through selective pores

Front 21

protien pumps

Back 21

causes the production of APT molecules

Front 22

sodium- potassium pumps

Back 22

uses some of this APT to acumulate an abudance of sodium ions outside the cell

Front 23

coupled channels

Back 23

carry the sodium ions along with food molecules back inside the cell

Front 24

active transport

Back 24

using energy to transport a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient

Front 25

chemiosmosis

Back 25

active transport of protons to make ATP

Front 26

endocytosis

Back 26

the process of a cell engulfing the particle in order to consume larger meals

Front 27

pinocytosis

Back 27

what the endocytosis is refurred to if the material brought into the cell is liquid and contains dissolved molecules

Front 28

phagocytosis

Back 28

if the material brought into the cell is another cell or other fragment of organic matter

Front 29

exocytosis

Back 29

dumping the excretions or waste outside a cell by discarding them from waste vacuoles that fuse with the plasma membrane

Front 30

neurotranmitters

Back 30

chemicals that a nerve cell uses to communicate with another nurve cell

Front 31

acetylcholine

Back 31

chemical signal that the nurve releases into the gap between it and the muscle is a small neurotransmitter called ...

Front 32

gated channel

Back 32

a chanel that can open or shut

Front 33

chemically gated

Back 33

its opening and closing depends on the binding of the chemical in the neutraltransmitter acetylchole

Front 34

voltage- gated

Back 34

composed of protiens that weave in and out of the membrane