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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that occupies space and has mass |
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Mass |
How much matter an object has |
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Elements |
Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
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Atom |
Simplest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element |
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Nucleus |
Central region of an atom |
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Proton |
Positive charged |
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Neutron |
No charge |
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Atomic number |
Number of protons |
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Mass number |
Rounded atomic Weight |
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How do you find how many neutrons |
Mass number=neutrons + atomic number (protons) |
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Electrons |
Neg charged particle in an atom equal to number of protons |
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What is then net charge of an atom |
Zero |
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Orbital |
3d area around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
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Compounds |
Made up of atoms of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions |
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Chemical formula |
Shows the kinda and proportions of atoms that form a compound |
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Chemical bonds |
Attractive forces that hold atoms together |
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Covalent bond |
Forms when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
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Molecule |
Simplest part of a substance that has all the same properties and can exist in a free state |
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Ion |
Atom or molecule with an electrical charge |
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Ionic bond |
A bond between a non metal and a metal |
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How many electrons can be held in the 1st energy level of an atom? 2nd? 3rd? |
1-2 2-8 3-8 |
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What kind of elements form an ionic bond? Covalent? |
Ionic: a metal and a non-metal Covalent: 2 non-metals |
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What happens in a bond? |
Electrons are taken from one and given to another to make full, stable elements |
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What kind of a bond holds polyatomic ions together? |
Covalent. |
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What kind of a bond holds polyatomic ions to other elements? |
Ionic |
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What does a subscrip tell you? Superscript? |
Sub: below, # of atoms of an element Super: above, oxidation number |
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Arrow in a chemical equation |
Yields |
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Arrow in a chemical equation |
Yields |
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Elements in front of arrow in a chemical equation |
Reactants |
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Elements behind the arrow in a chemical equation |
Products |
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Number in front of an element in a chemical equation that you use to balance |
Coefficient |
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Orbital |
Three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location for an electron |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons |
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Compounds |
Two or more atoms combined in fixed proportions |
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Chemical bonds |
Attractive forces that hold atoms together |
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Covalent bond |
Two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons |
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Molecule |
Simplest part of a substance that has all the same properties of that substance and can exist in a free state |
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Energy |
The ability to do work |
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What are the three basic states of matter? What are their properties? An example of each? |
Liquid: definite volume, indefinite shape, water Solid: definite volume and shape, ice Gas:indefinite volume and shape, vaper |
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Difference between mass and weight? Which one changes with location? |
Mass: amount of matter, remains constant Weight: force of gravity, changes |
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What 4 elements make up 90% of all living things? |
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen |
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Smallest unit of an element with all the same properties of that element? |
Atom |
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Three particles of an atom? Charge? |
Protons (+), neutrons (°), electrons (-) |
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Atomic mass? Atomic number? Mass number? |
Atomic mass: average weight of all isotopes (found on periodic table) Atomic number: number of protons and location on periodic table (found on periodic table Mass number: rounded atomic mass |
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What is an isotope? How do you find # of neutrons in an isotope? |
Atoms of the same element with different number of protons. Isotope mass number - protons =neutrons |
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Which of an atoms three particles determine its chemical reactivity? How many can be held in each enerdy level? |
Electrons. 2, 8, 8 |
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What is produced when elements combine chemically? What is the smallest unit of it called? |
Compound. Molecule |
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What holds the atoms of a compound together? What are the two types? Which elements form these? |
Bond. Covalent: 2 non metals , ionic:one metal one non metal. |
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Energy |
The ability to do work |
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What do catalysts do? |
Increase rate of a reaction, decrease amount of activation energy needed. |
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What are catalysts in the human body |
Enzymes |
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Exothermic |
Temperature given off, outside temp becomes higher, inside temp becomes cooler |
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Endothermic |
Temperature taken in. Outside temp becomes cooler, inside temp becomes warmer |
