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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the importance in the circulatory system? 6 |
1 carry nutrients to cells 2 carry waste from cells 3 transport dissolving gases 4 transport chem. messages 5 regulate temp. 6 highway for cells of the immune system |
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what are the 3 fundamental features of circulatory system |
1 a fluid that transports material 2 a network of tubes fluid circulates through 3 a pump that pushes the fluid through tubes |
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how much blood in in the average 70kg person? |
5L |
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what are the 3 cell types in blood?? |
erythrocytes leukocytes platelets |
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discribe leukocytes |
less than 1% of total blood cells have a nucleus have several types of WBC |
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Describe erythrocytes |
transport oxygen no nucleus contains hemoglobin |
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Describe Platelets |
Small cell fragment no nucleus really fragile |
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What's Anemia?? What does it lead to? |
Most common blood disorder symptoms include: low blood concentration, heart failure leads to hypoxia |
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what do antibodies do? |
they're special proteins that bind a complimentary antigen as part of the immune response |
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which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? |
arteries/arterioles |
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which blood vessel carries blood towards the heart? |
veins/venules |
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What do arteries branch into? |
Arterioles |
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What are Arterioles? |
smaller arteries |
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What's Vasoconstriction?? |
diameter and blood flow reduced in arterioles |
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What's Vasodilation? |
Diameter and blood flow increased |
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What do arterioles branch into |
capillaries |
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How thick are capillaries? |
1 cell thick |
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why are capillaries important? |
it's the site of gas exchange |
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what do capillaries merge into? |
venules |
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What do Venules do? |
drain blood directly from capillaries |
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what do venules merge into? |
veins |
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what happens after a few minutes of the heart stopping beating? |
brain damage and death |
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what is the pericardium? |
a sac filled with lubricant that bathes the heart |
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what does the left pump in the heart do? :) |
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body |
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what does the right pump in the heart do? |
Receives deoxygenated blood from body and pumps it to the lungs |
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how does blood flow through a chamber in the heart? |
atrium-> ventricle-> arteries |
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what are atrioventricular valves and what do they seperate? |
they prevent blood from flowing backwards inti the atria. seperate atria and ventricles |
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what are semilunar valves? |
prevent blood from flowing backwards. seperate ventricles from arteries |
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What is the pathway of blood?? |
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why does blood clotting occur? |
blood vessel injured |
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what is happening when theres a blood clot? |
platelets clump at site and release throboplastin. |
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systole is ____ disastole is ____ |
contraction relaxation |
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What are the steps in the Cardiac Cycle? :) |
1. the sinoatrial node located in the Right Atrium stimulates muscle cells to contract and relax 2. that generates a electrical signal that spreads over the atria so they contract 3. the signal reaches the atrioventricular node which transmits the signal through the bundle of His 4. Signal is related to Purkinje fibres |
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what's the first step in the cardiac cycle? |
the SA node located in the right atrium stimulates muscles to contract and relax |
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what is happening when the lub-DUB sound comes from the heart?? |
lub- closing of atrioventricular valves DUB- closing of semilunar valves |
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what is an electrocardiogram?? |
plot of voltage measurements over time |
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what's a heart murmer? |
an abnormal swishing or whistling sound in the heart. Because of blood not flowing properly |
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What causes heart murmers? |
valve stress (narrow heart valves or arteries) valve regurgitation septal defect |
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what IS blood pressure?? |
the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels as it travels through the body |
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How is blood pressure measured? |
sphygmomanometer |
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what's the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?? |
systolic is max. pressure in arteries when ventricles contract and push blood from the heart diastolic is the lowest pressure in arteries when rhe ventricles aren't contracting |
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what's the average blood pressure? |
120mmHg (systolic) ----------------- 80mmHg (diastolic) |
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what are some factors that affect blood pressure? |
genetics cardio activity stress diet meds body temp. |
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What's ventricular diastole? |
when ventricles relax and pressure drops |
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What's ventricular systole |
ventricles contract and pressure rises |
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What's the formula to measure cardiac output? |
CO= heart rate x stroke volume |
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what's the average heart rate? |
70bpm |
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average stroke volume? |
70mL |
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what's cardiovascular fitness? |
capacity of the lungs, heart and blood vessels to deliver Oxygen to working muscles |
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what are 3 key functions of the proteins and the salts in plasma? |
help maintain higher pH helps prevents blood clots strengthen immunity |
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why is plasma so important? |
makes blood able to be transported |
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What's stenosis?? |
narrowing in the opening if the heart valves or arteries |
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main functions of the circulatory system? |
1. transports gases, nutrient molecules, and waste 2. regulates internal temp. 3. protects against blood loss from injury and against disease causing microbes |
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Difference between open and closed circulatory system!!? |
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why do veins have valves. |
to reduce blood flow friction |
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GO GO GO LABEL THE HEART |
DO ITTTTTTTT |
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what are some factors that affect heart health?? |
smoking diabetes hypertension exercise weight |
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what is anemia? |
lower than normal amount of oxygen reaching tissue due to low number of RBC less hemoglobin in RBC sickle cell anemia shaped RBC |
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what's leukemia? |
cancer of the blood ir bone marrow where WBC are overproduced |
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What's an aneurysm? |
abnormal weakening in artery wall and the pressure if blood flowing creates a bulge at weak spot |
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What's congestive heart failure? |
Your heart muscle cannot pump blood very well ::( |
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What's arteriosclerosis? What does it lead to? |
Where walls of arteries thicken and lose their elasticity. May lead to blood clots, stroke |
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How can you treat arteriosclerosis? 2 ways |
angioplasty (balloon is put in artery to hold it open) and coronary bypass (section of healthy artery or vein is removed and put in place of blocked coronary artery) |
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what's hypertention?? |
high blood pressure |
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What's Arrhythmia? |
Irregular heart beat. Could be from blocked coronary artery or congenital heart defect |
