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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy |
the capacity to cause change |
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what are the two types of energy? |
kinetic & potential |
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kinetic energy |
energy of motion |
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potential energy |
stored energy |
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conservation of energy |
it is not possible to destroy or create energy; it can only be converted from one form to another |
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heat |
a type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules |
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entropy |
measure of disorder, or randomness, in a system |
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chemical energy |
arises from the arrangement of atoms and can be released by a chemical reaction |
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calorie |
energy in food to fuel activities of life |
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ATP |
energy shuttle |
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metabolism |
the total of all chemical reactions in an organism |
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enzyme |
proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction |
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activation energy |
the energy that must be invested to start a reaction |
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substrate |
a certain reactant molecule |
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hypertonic |
solution has a higher concentration of solute |
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hypotonic |
solution has a lower concentration of solute |
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isotonic |
solution has an equal concentration of solute |
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osmoregulation |
the control of water balance |
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active transport |
cell expend energy to move molecules across a membrane |
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exocytosis |
the movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles that fuse with the plasma membrane |
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endocytosis endo= exiting |
cell takes materials in via vesicles that bud inward |
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phagocytosis |
cellular eating |
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enzyme inhibitors |
substrate imposters that plug up the active site |
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diffusion |
the movement of molecules spreading out evenly into the available space |
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passive transport |
diffusion of a substance across a membrane without the input of energy |
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concentration gradient |
where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated |
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facilitated diffusion |
substances transported via proteins that act as corridors for specific molecules |
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osmosis |
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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exocytosis exo= exiting |
the movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles that fuse with the plasma membrane |
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endocytosis endo= entering |
cell takes materials in via vesicles that bud inward |
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solution |
the resulting mixture of absolute in a liquid solvent |
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autotroph |
self feeders |
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heterotroph |
other feeders |
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producers |
plants and other autotrophs |
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consumer |
heterotrophs, obtain their food by eating |
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photosynthesis |
solar energy -> sugar |
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cellular respiration |
produce ATP |
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aerobic |
requires oxygen |
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anaerobic |
doesn’t require oxygen |
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nadh |
electron taxi |
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mitochondria |
cellular respiration organelle |
