Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biomolecules |
four classes of organic molecules ( carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) in living things. |
|
organic |
contains carbon or hydrocarbons |
|
Table 3.1 on page 38 inorganic vs organic |
|
|
Functional groups: |
1. Hydroxyl (R-OH) - attached to sugars it will form either alcohol (in plants) or lactic acid (in animals) 2. Carboxyl (R-COOH) - acid end of an amino acid 3. Amino ( R-NH^2) - front part of an amino acid 4. Phosphate (R-PO^4) - forms the backbone of a nucleotide; when present in lipids it changes the polarity. |
|
Amphipathic molecules |
are both hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (nonpolar); Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. |
|
Isomers |
Have identical molecular (chemical) formulas but different arrangements of atoms (structural formulas) ex. glucose, fructose, and galactose (C6H12O6); maltose, sucrose and lactose (C12H22O11) |
|
Macromolecules (polymers) CHECK STUDY GUIDE (CH 3 P.1) |
|
|
Dehydration synthesis |
removing water to get monomers to form polymers |
|
hydrolysis |
adding water to breakdown polymers into monomers |
|
carbs are an immediate energy source SEE STUDY GUIDE (CH. 3 P.1) |
|
|
fatty acids can be: |
saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated |
|
saturated fats have |
single covalent bonds and are harder to break down than unsaturated fats |
|
unsaturated fats have |
at least one double covalent bond in the carbon chain. the double covalent bond is the "weak" link in the chain, which makes it easier for the body to break down. |
|
polyunsaturated fats have |
three or more covalent bonds in their carbon chains |
|
trans fats |
unsaturated fats that are reinforced at points across from one another. when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated it changes their structure and makes them similar to saturated fats. |
|
animal fats are |
saturated |
|
plant fast are |
unsaturated, polyunsaturated |
|
triglycerides |
contain glycerol & three fatty acids |
|
phospholipids |
contain glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group. |
|
waxes |
contain glycerol & one fatty acid plus a hydroxyl group (R-OH). waxes are a solid at room temp because they have a high melting point. |
|
steroids include |
sex hormones and cholesterol. |
|
cholesterol is |
wholly embedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane and helps modify the fluidity of the membrane over a range of temperatures. |
|
SEE STUDY GUIDE FOR PROTEIN (CH.3 P 3) AND REST OF STUDY GUIDE |
. |