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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology: |
Studies life and its processes |
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7 characteristics of living organisms |
-cellular organization(consist of 1+ cells) -Ordered complexity(complex/highly ordered) -Sensitivity(respond to stimuli) -Growth/development/reproduction -Energy utilization(take in energy and use it) -evolutionary adaption
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Hierarchical organization levels |
-Cellular levels -organismal levels -populational levels |
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Cellular levels of hierarchical levels |
Atoms molecules organelle cell |
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Organismal levels |
Tissues organ organ system organism |
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population levels |
population species community ecosystem biosphere |
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Atoms are made of |
-protons -neutrons -electrons |
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proton |
positively charged particle always found in the nucleus |
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neutron |
neutral particles always found in the nucleus |
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electrons |
negatively charged particles that have almost no mass & are in constant motion. Found in orbitals (energy levels surrounding the nucleus) |
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ions |
charged atoms, in which the number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons |
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cations |
have more protons than electrons positively charged |
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anions |
have more electrons than protons negatively charged |
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isotopes |
atoms in the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
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electrons can be transferred from one atom to another while still retaining.. |
..the energy of their position in an atom |
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Chemical reactions |
-oxidation -reduction |
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oxidation |
when an atom/ molecule looses an electron |
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reduction |
when an atom/electron gains an electron |
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redox reactions |
electrons carry energy from one molecule to another NAD+ |
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4 main elements in living systems |
-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen |
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ionic bonds |
formed between oppositely charged ions |
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Covalent bond |
two atoms sharing one or more pairs of valence elsectrons |
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polar covalent bond |
uneven charge distribution (partial positive/partial negative) |
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nonpolar covalent bond |
both atoms exert the same pull |
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biological molecules are made of |
carbon bonded to carbon carbon bonded to other atoms |
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Chemical symbol for Hydroxyl |
HO |
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chemical symbol for carbonyl |
CO |
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Chemical symbol for carboxyl |
COOH |
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Chemical symbol for amino |
NHH |
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chemical symbol for sulfhydryl |
SH |
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chemical symbol for phosphate |
POOOO |
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chemical symbol for methyl |
CHHH |
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O and N are |
generally polar |
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C and H are |
usually nonpolar |
