Bio 98 Quiz Questions

Front 1

Fermentation. Which of the following is NOT produced when glucose is fermented in yeast?

CO2, Ethanol, NADH

Back 1

NADH

Front 2

Glycolysis. Overall, how many net ATP are produced after the 10 steps of glycolysis?

Back 2

2

Front 3

Glycolysis. Step 1. What is the starting material of glycolysis, and it is also the substrate of hexokinase?

Back 3

Glucose

Front 4

What are the three irreversible steps of glycolysis?

Back 4

HK, PFK1, PK

Front 5

Step 2. The enzyme that isomerizes glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is called

Back 5

Phosphohexose isomerase

Front 6

Step 3. How many types of PFK are there?

Back 6

2

Front 7

Step 4. The breakdown of six carbon sugar. Carbon number 4 of fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate becomes which carbon in glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate?

Back 7

HC=O

Front 8

The Pay Off Phase. Which two reactions pay-off ATP?

Back 8

Pyruvate Kinase and Phosphoglycerate kinase

Front 9

How many reactions require Mg2+

Back 9

6

Front 10

What is the 3-carbon end product of glycolysis, after ten steps?

Back 10

Pyruvate

Front 11

In lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation, what is produced?

Back 11

NAD+

Front 12

True or False. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur.

Back 12

False

Front 13

The ultimate electron acceptor in the fermentation of glucose to ethanol is:

Back 13

Acetaldehyde

Front 14

The most important reaction involved in the deoxidation of NADH is:

Back 14

Pyruvate-->Lactate

Front 15

When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:

Back 15

Under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.

Front 16

An enzyme used in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is:

Back 16

3-phosphoglycerate kinase

Front 17

True or false: Gluconeogenesis consists entirely of the reactions of glycolysis, operating in the reverse directions.

Back 17

False

Front 18

All of the following enzymes involved in the flow of Carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) are also involved in the reversal of this flow (gluconeogenesis) except:

3-phosphoglycerate kinase, aldolast, enolase, phosphofructokinase-1, phosphoglucoisomerase

Back 18

Phosphofructokinase-1

Front 19

Which of the following substrates CANNOT contribute to net gluconeogenesis in mammalian liver?

Alanine, glutamate, palmitate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate

Back 19

Palmitate

Front 20

True or false: The conversion of fruit 1,6 biphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is not catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1, the enzyme involved in glycolysis

Back 20

True

Front 21

The main reason why [AMP] is a key regulator of many metabolic reaction (rather than ATP) is:

Back 21

The relative charge in AMP is normally greater than the relative charge of ATP

Front 22

True or false. The blood glucose level is maintained in order to keep glucose from precipitating in

Back 22

False

Front 23

In an anaerobic system that is metabolizing glucose as a substrate which of the following compounds would you expect to increase in concentration following the addition of fluoride?

2-phosphoglycerate, glucose, glyoxylate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate

Back 23

2-phosphoglycerate

Front 24

Hexokinase IV is regulated by what metabolites?

Back 24

Activation: Glucose. Fructose 6-phosphate.

Inhibition: regulatory protein

Front 25

Is PFK-1 regulated by the activation of glucose?

Back 25

No

Front 26

What does F26BP do?

Back 26

It activates PFK-1 as a feed forward activation

Front 27

True or false. Reciprocal control means that the opposite pair on enzymes will be regulated together. Therefore, when the activity of PFK-1 goes up, the counter enzyme FBPase-1 also goes up.

Back 27

False

Front 28

True or false. Pyruvate kinase is activated by glucagon in every tissue of our body.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Glycogen formation. What is glycogen synthesis catalyzed by?

Back 29

Glycogen synthase

Front 30

When blood glucose level is high, glycogen breakdown..

Back 30

Goes up

Front 31

TCA CYCLE. In step 4, compare a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydroegnase. What is not shared between the two.

Back 31

ATP

Front 32

TCA CYCLE. Step 7. What is formed by the action if fumarase?

Back 32

L-malate

Front 33

TCA CYCLE. Step 8. Malate is oxidized into which 4 carbon intermediate.

Back 33

Oxaloacetate

Front 34

TCA CYCLE. Overall. The two moles of CO2 produced in the first turn of the citric acid cycle have their origin in the:

Back 34

Two carboxyl groups derived from oxaloacetate

Front 35

TCA CYCLE. overall. Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl CoA to 2 mol of CO2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of:

Back 35

3 NADH. 1 FADH2. 1 ATP. 2 CO2

Front 36

Is cholesterol a precursor in the TCA Cycle? If not, what is?

Back 36

No

PEP. GLUTAMATE. ASPARTATE

Front 37

True or false. Biotin and pyruvate carboxylase are biological tethers

Back 37

False

Front 38

Ca2+ generally ______ PDH and TCA enzymes

Back 38

Activates

Front 39

The TCA cycle is regulated at which three irreversible steps.

Back 39

Citrate synthase. Isocitrate dehydrogenase. A-ketoglutarate dehydroegnase.

Front 40

If enzymes 1 2 and 3 are not associated together anymore what will happen To the activity of PDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase or a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Back 40

No activity because substrate channeling cannot happen

Front 41

If we label COO- of acetate with C14 where will it end up in isocitrate?

Back 41

Gamma carbon

Front 42

Pyruvate dehydrogenase has how many enzymes?

Back 42

3

Front 43

Will c14 end up as co2 after only one round of the TCA cycle?

Back 43

No

Front 44

The mutation of what TCA enzyme may cause cancer?

Back 44

IDH

Front 45

What is added into the small intestine to emulsify dietary fats?

Back 45

Bile salts

Front 46

The traiacylglycerols are combined with cholesterol and apolipoproteins to form a vessel called?

Back 46

Chylomicron

Front 47

Which enzyme is used to break down triaglycerol into fatty acid and glycerol?

Back 47

Lipase

Front 48

From glycerol to G3P. How many ATP are made?

Back 48

None

Front 49

From glycerol to G3P how many NADH is made?

Back 49

1

Front 50

Fatty acid synthetase. How many phosphates are generated from fatty acid and ATP?

Back 50

2

Front 51

What's the carrier that takes fatty acid from cytosol into mitochondria?

Back 51

Carnitine

Front 52

BETA OXIDATION. how many carbons are chipped off per cycle of beta oxidation

Back 52

2

Front 53

Does biotin participate in decarboxylation?

Back 53

No

Front 54

What is the enzyme catalyzing the reaction that generates acetyl CoA

Back 54

Acetyl CoA acetyltransferase (thiolase)

Front 55

Which reaction is not shared between beta oxidation, citric acid, isoleucine oxidation.

Back 55

Dehydration

Front 56

When we eat lots of carbs what hormone goes up?

Back 56

Insulin

Front 57

When insulin goes up, which enzyme get dephosphorylated?

Back 57

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Front 58

When ACC goes up, malonyl CoA goes up. This will inhibit which enzyme?

Back 58

Carnitine acts-tranferase 1 (CAT 1)

Front 59

Coenzyme B12 is needed for what enzyme?

Back 59

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MM CoA mutase)

Front 60

Genetic defect in which enzyme can cause serious symptoms such as fat accumulation, high blood acid level, low blood glucose, vomiting and coma?

Back 60

Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Front 61

When we eat lots of food, which metabolite accumulates and get shuttle out of mitochondria?

Back 61

Citrate

Front 62

Which enzyme turns pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the mitochondria?

Back 62

Pyruvate carboxylase

Front 63

In the cytoplasm which enzyme turn oxaloacetate into pyruvate?

Back 63

MDH and Malic enzyme

Front 64

Which of the following is NOT required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA?

ATP. CoA-SH. NAD+. FAD. Lipoic acid.

Back 64

ATP

Front 65

What form of ACC is active

Back 65

Aggregation form. Multimer

Front 66

Epinephrine will have what effect on ACC?

Back 66

Shut down. Inhibit

Front 67

Woo

Back 67

Hoo

Front 68

TCA CYCLE. Step 1. Citrate synthase Acetyl-CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to generate citrate with how many carbons?

Back 68

6

Front 69

TCA CYCLE. Step 2. The production of isocitrate is catalyzed by which enzyme?

Back 69

Aconitase

Front 70

TCA CYCLE. Step 3/4. There are two oxidative decarboxylation enzymes. What are they.

Back 70

IDH and KGDH

Front 71

TCA CYCLE. In step 4, compare a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydroegnase. What is not shared between the two.

Back 71

ATP

Front 72

TCA CYCLE. Step 5. Now we only have 4 carbons. Which reaction shows substrate level phosphorylation that produces ATP or GTP?

Back 72

Syccinyl-CoA synthetase