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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA stands for
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Deoxy Ribonuclaic Acid
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Levene
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Found the four diffrent parts of the nucleotide
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Nucleotide
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DNA segmant with three parts
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3 Parts of Nucleotide
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Phosphate
Deoxy ribose shugar Nitrogen base |
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4 DNA nitrogen bases
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Adenine---------Thymine
Cytosine--------Guanine |
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Griffith
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Leathal and non leathal tests on mice. R non leathal S leathal, finds out that some transforming factor from dead lethal turns non leathal into lethal
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Avery
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Tried to find transforming principle.
Took away parts of bacteria until he descovered it was DNA |
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Hersy and Chase
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Looked at viruses,
Inserted Radioactive sulfer into the protiene coat of a virus. Inserted radioactive phosphoris into DNA. Lets infect cell. When blended, radioactive P ended up in cell, while radioactive S ended up outside. |
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Chargoff
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(bitter) descovered chargoffs pairs, states that Adnine and thynine is proportional to guanine and cytoziene
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Fraklin
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Took pictures of DNA using x ray diffraction, figured our helical shape.
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Watson and Crick
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Figured out the structure of DNA.
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Structure of DNA
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Phosphate backbone. 5 carbon shugar. Nitrogen bases pair up AT GC.
TC smaller(dermindins) 2 AG larger(purnines) 2 *See photo |
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DNA replication
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Helicax splits DNA
Polomerase adds complimentary pairs to template |
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Reading
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Because Polomorace only reades one way, one goes all the way down, while the other goes up and when he comes to a part he's done before he goes to the bottom and starts again.When this happens, a small gap is formed. This is filled by Ligase.
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Prokaryotic vrs. Eukaryotic
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Because prokaryotic has only one cell, it is one cyrcle with one hylocase on the one chromsome. Eukaryotic has many thousands of hylocases
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DNA codes for its protiens with RNA. RNA is
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Ribonoclaic acid(with O). Only one strand.
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RNA has ____ parts
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3,
Shugar(5 carbon)- Ribose Phosphate Group- Backbone Nitrogen contraining base Adnine------URACIL Guanine-----Cytosine |
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3 Types of RNA
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mRNA- Messenger
rRNA-ribosomal RNA tRNA-Tansfer RNA |
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Making Protien
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A) Transcrisption
DNA has a code ....TAC GCC TGC CGG ACT..... RNA polomorace attaches at prometer sequence(before) and reads to the terminatinon sequence. It matches the DNA molicule and complimentary base pairs it with RNA molicules (G-C) mRNA carries this signal from the nucleous to the Ribosmome tRNA changes it from a nuclaic acid(language of DNA) to amino acids(language of protiens) Reads the DNA in grops of 3 and matches them with com base pairs(called anti codon's). |
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Codes
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RUG is the universal start code. There are 3 end codes. These Sequences of three are called Codons
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