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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Equisetum (horsetail) stem cross-section Where is the vascular tissue located in the Equisetum stem? |
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Equisetum - Horsetail Where is the strobilus located? |
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Equisetum (horsetail) fossil How do these fossils compare to live equisetum samples? |
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Live marchantia What is the green "leafy" structure and its ploidy? What anchors the marchantia to the soil? |
Rhizoids = root-like structures on the thallus, anchor to the soil |
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Live true fern Locate the blade, pinnae, stalk, rhizome, fiddlehead Note: indusium, sori |
Sori = dark spots on underside of fronds Indusium = waxy covering over sori |
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Lycopodium strobilus xs Where are the sporangia of Lycopodium found? What do these leaf-life structures cluster into? |
Sporangia of Lycopodium are found on modified leaves called sporophylls, clustered into cone-like strobili. |
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Live lycopodium Identify sporophylls, strobilus |
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Live selaginella |
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Live psilotum
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Psilutom = whisk fern Bilateral branching pattern Sporangia located at branch points (round objects) |
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Marchantia thallus cross-section Identify rhozoids, air pores |
Not very thick Rhizoids = anchor structure, lower surface Air pores = gas exchange, upper surface |
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Marchantia gemmae |
Gemmae are held in gemmaecups, where they can be splashed out by rainwater. If they land on moist soil, they will develop into new gametophytes. |
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Marchantia archegonium + archegoniophore - What is the difference? What shown here is which? - General name for archegonia + antheridia? - Ploidy & how are they produced from the gametophyte? |
- The gametophyte produces multicellular gametangia by mitosis (n --> n); gametes are produced in gametangia - Archegoniophore = stalk holding up archegonium |
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Marchantia archegonium, 400x - What is the gamete contained here? |
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Marchantia antheridium + antheridiophore - Ploidy - Which gamete is contained here & how is it formed from the gametangia? |
- Haploid (n) - Flagellated sperm is formed here by mitosis within the antheridium |
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Marchantia antheridium, 400x |
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Marchantia sporophyte - Identify capsule and contents - Identify stalk, foot - Ploidy |
- Foot attaches sporophyte to gametophyte - Stalk emerges from foot, holding capsule containing spores & elaters (which aid in dispersal) - Spores + sporophyte are 2n |
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Mnium protonema - Position in mnium life cycle? |
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Moss antheridium |
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Moss archegonium + archegoniophore with "head" |
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Moss archegonium, 400x, with egg |
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Moss sporophyte - Ploidy? - Identify capsule, foot |
- Seta = stalk connecting sporophyte to gametophyte - Foot = connection point between sporophyte and gametophyte - Ploidy = 2n |
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Moss gametophyte + sporophyte - Identify gametophyte and sporophyte - Identify seta |
- Seta = stalk connecting sporophyte to gametophyte |
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Peat moss - Species name? |
- Sphangum |
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Flowchart for Nonvascular/Seedless Vascular Plants |
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Kingdom Plantae |
Contains four natural groups: - Bryophytes (nonvascular) - Manilophytes (seedless vascular) - Gymnosperms (seeds) - Angiosperms (flowers) |
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Bryophytes |
- Nonvascular plants - Demonstrate alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte - Contains three phyla: Bryophyta (mosses), Hepaticophyta (liverworts), Anthoceraphyta (hornworts) |
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Gametangia |
- Gametangia are multicellular, haploid structures produced by gametophytes in which gametes are produced - Can be male (antheridium) or female (archegonium) - If supported by stalks, the stalks are dubbed antheridiophores and archegoniophores, respectively |
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Phylum Hepaticophyta |
- Kingdom Plantae - Group Bryophytes - Two variations: Thallose and leafy Ex: Marchantia (thallose) |
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Marchantia |
- Kingdom Plantae - Bryophytes - Phylum Hepaticophyta (liverworts) - Produces both sexually (alt. of generations with distinctive gametangia) and asexually (gemmaecups) - Thallus has rhizoids and air pores |
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Phylum Anthocerophyta |
- Kingdom Plantae - Bryophytes - Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts) - Distinctive for their long, horn-shaped sporophytes which typically emerge from a flat thallus |
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Phylum Bryophyta |
- Kingdom Plantae - Bryophytes - Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) - Reproduce sexually (alt. of generation) - Gametophytes bud from protonema |
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Manilophytes |
- Kingdom Plantae - Seedless vascular plants - Contains two phyla: Lycophyta and Manilophyta - Megaphylls (large leaves with veins) and microphylls (small leaves, one vein) - All manilophytes have sporophytes; spore-producing leaves |
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Phylum Lycophyta |
- Kingdom Plantae - Manilophytes - Club mosses - Reproduce asexually via rhizomes Ex: Lycopodium, selaginella |
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Phylum Manilophyta |
- Kingdom Plantae - Manilophytes - Contains three groups: true ferns (pteropsida), whisk ferns (psilopsida), and horsetails (sphenopsida) |
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Pteropsida |
- True ferns (Plantae, Manilophytes, Manilophyta) - Sporophyte dominant alt. of generations; asexual reproduction through rhizome - Sporangia grouped into structures called sori, covered by an indusium - Heart-shaped gametophytes called prothalli Ex: Living ferns in lab |
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Fern prothallus - Identify antheridia and archegonia - Life stage/ploidy? |
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Psilopsida |
- Whisk ferns (Plantae, Manilophytes, Manilophyta) - Homosporous; no male/female spores or gametophytes Ex: Psilotum |
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Sphenopsida |
- Horsetails (Plantae, Manilophytes, Manilophyta) - Much larger in prehistoric times; a major component of ancient "forests" - Produce spores on sporophylls, which cluster together into a cone at the top called a strobilus Ex: Equisetum |
