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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is epidemiology |
The study of the distribution and control of disease |
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What is the difference between endemic, epidemic, and pandemic |
Endemic, a disease that persists at a low level within a population. Epidemic, sudden increase in occurrences of disease beyond it's usual level. Pandemic, is an epidemic that extends over the entire population |
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Describe common-source epidemic |
When a case of a disease rapidly peaks, then rapidly declines within a small window of time. Indicating that the disease came from a single source |
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What is propagated epidemic |
There number of infection growing over time, then gradually declines, which indicates the infection is going from person to person |
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How does propagated epidemic decline |
The device is a result of acquired immunity. When the population becomes immune the pathogen decreases and stops |
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What is it called when, there are more immune in a population then there are susceptible |
Herd immunity |
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When the population is dispersed and the population is lower than threshold density, what happens to epidemics |
They become harder to generate |
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What is used to identify infectious agents |
Kochs postulate and their modifications |
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Describe what a carrier is |
An individual who is the potential source of infection |
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What two ways do new diseases appear |
1. Regions where human and domestic animals population is high. 2. Bringing human population into greater contact with wild animals |
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What are the 4 modes of transportation |
Airborne, contact, vehicle, vector |
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Describe airborne transportation |
Pathogenic spores that travel via aerosols or dust particals over long or short distances |
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Describe contact transmission |
Pathogen that is transmitted from one host to another via touch |
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Describe vehicle transmission |
Pathogen that travels from person to person via contaminated objects |
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Describe vector transmission |
Translation that depends on an intermediate host |
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When does a disease cycle end? |
When it cannot escape from it's host |
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How do disease leave the host |
Bodily secretions and excretions |
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pathogens that are highly virulent but require direct contact are unlikely to persist because, why |
infected individuals that are to incapacited do not transmit the pathogen |
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what is directly related to a pathogens ability to survive in an external environment |
high virulent |
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what two gram + bacteria are high virulence bacteria |
Mycobacterium (tuberculosis), corynebacterium (diptheria) |
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explain what Corollary is |
interupting transmission routes generates selective pressure for reduced virulence |
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explain what 2 bacteria have interfered transmission with water treatment |
Vibrio cholerae and shigella |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, population growth |
higher population density facilitates transmission |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, population growth |
higher population density facilitates transmission |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, encroachment into wilderness areas |
destruction of natural habitats bring human population into contact with new pathogens and reservoir |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, evolution in response to antibiotics |
widespread antibiotic use generates selective pressure, |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, climate change |
alters ranges for pathogens and their vector. tropical disease move northward |
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why new, reemerging or drug-resistant infections, breakdown of public health programs |
lack of funds, war, or culture |
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immunosuppression |
some diseases, compromise the immune system, aids, allowing new strains of pathogens to develop |
