Bio 311D Test 2 Animals: Circulation

Front 1

1) ___is the transport medium of the circulatory system
2) how important is your circulatory system? ___of all deaths in this country: ___,___,__etc.
3) all cells survive by ____ with their surroundings
4) there are ___types of circulatory systems (__and__)
5) a ___-chambered heart pumps blood through the body of birds and mammals

Back 1

1) blood
2) 50%; heart disease, heart attack, diabetes etc.
3) exchanging substances
4) 2 (open and closed)
5) four

Front 2

Key Concepts:
1) the circulatory circuits are the ____
2) ___transport blood from the heart where as __transport blood to the heart
3) __control blood-flow through each organ
4) ___are the vessels where diffusion takes place
5) the lymphatic system has 3 functions: ___

Back 2

1) pulmonary and systemic circuits
2) arteries; veins
3) arterioles
4) capillaries
5) drainage; absorption; delivery of pathogens

Front 3

Types of Circulatory systems:

Back 3

1) no circulatory system
2) open circulatory system
3) closed circulatory system

Front 4

Types of circulatory systems:
1) No circulatory system- have ____that function in digestion and distribution of nutrients (ex: ___)
2) Open circulatory systems- blood is ___; outside the blood vessels (__=___+___); (ex: ___)
3) Closed circulatory systems- blood is ___; (ex:____)

Back 4

1) gastrovascular cavities (ex: cnidarians and planarians)
2) not always in vessels; (hemolymph= blood + interstitial fluid); (ex: insects, spiders, mollusks)
3) always in vessels; (ex: earthworm, squids, octopuses, and vertebrates)

Front 5

1) Important feature of NO circulatory system

Back 5

1) gastrovascular cavities

Front 6

Circulatory System Basics
1) A ___: as a medium of transport
2) A ___: ____: conduct the blood throughout the body
3) A ___: the___: keep the blood circulation

Back 6

1) fluid-blood
2) system of channel; blood vessels
3) pump; heart

Front 7

Closed Circulatory System of Vertebrates
1) in fishes, a ___heart pumps blood in ___. Blood picks up ___ in ___, delivers it to ___. ___flows back to heart.
2) in amphibians, a heart pumps blood through ____. Blood flows to __, picks up ___, returns to ____. It mixes with ___still in heart, flows to rest of body, returns to heart

Back 7

1) 2 chambered; one circuit; oxygen; gills; rest of body; oxygen-poor blood
2) two partially separate circuits; lungs; oxygen; heart; oxygen-poor blood

Front 8

Closed Circulatory Systems: FISH
1) __blood to tissue
2) __blood to the heart
3) pass ___

Back 8

1) O2 rich
2) O2 poor
3) two beds

Front 9

Closed Circulatory Systems: Amphibian
1) __blood pumped to body tissue
2) __and___

Back 9

1) mixed
2) 2 atria; 1 ventricle

Front 10

Closed Circulatory Systems: Birds and Mammals
1) In birds and mammals, the heart is fully partitioned into ___. Blood circulates in ___: from the heart's right half to ___ and back, then from the heart's left half to ___and back

Back 10

1) 2 halves; 2 circuits; lungs; oxygen-requiring tissues

Front 11

Components of blood ___&___
1) Plasma > ___
2) Cellular portion (___) is ____

Back 11

plasma and cellular portion
1) 50%
2) blood cells; 40-50%

Front 12

Components of Blood: Plasma & Cellular Portion
1) Plasma (>50%) is composed of?
2) Cellular portion (40-50%) is composed of?

Back 12

1) water (91-92%), proteins (7-8%), ions/sugars/amino acids/hormones/vitamins and gases (1-2%)
2) RBCs (99%), WBCs, and plateletes

Front 13

In the cellular portion (blood cells) of blood: NUMBERS
1) RBS are in the ___
2) WBCs are in the ___
3) platelets are in the ___

Back 13

1) millions
2) thousands
3) hundred thousands

Front 14

Normally:
1) Plasma makes up about ___
2) Cellular Elements make up about ___

Back 14

1) 55%
2) 45%

Front 15

Bone Marrow
1) a young child, bones filled with ___
2) an older adult, bones filled with ___
3) ___are all produced by bone marrow
4) old people have wrinkles because when you get older, you can't make enough cells, you skin gets ___

Back 15

1) red marrow
2) yellow marrow
3) ALL blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
4) thinner

Front 16

1) we use our blood to deliver ___
2)__-fragments of blood cells; main function is __
3) red blood cells are called ___
4) white blood cells are called __

Back 16

1) oxygen and carbon dioxide
2) fragments; blood clotting
3) erythrocytes
4) leukocytes

Front 17

Human Circulatory System: FUNCTIONS
1) transport ___and ___
2) distribution of ___
3) transport of ___ (-->__-->__-->___)
4) distribution of ___
5) regulation of ___
6) ___ of the body against ___
7) ___of the body against ___

Back 17

1) O2 and CO2
2) nutrients
3) wastes (liver; kidney; excretion)
4) hormones
5) body temperature
6) protection; blood loss
7) protection; diseases

Front 18

Human circulatory system: BLOOD VESSELS
1) Arteries and arterioles- have ___walls; __muscle with ___tissue to with-stand___; carry blood ___
2) Capillaries- are the ___vessels; they are ___ and ____for easy___; ___of materials between ___
3) Venules and Veins- ___valves in ___walled vessels surrounded by thin layer of ___giving ___to blood flow, which is assisted by ___; ___blood___

Back 18

1) thick; smooth; elastic; high pressure; away from the heart
2) tiniest; thin; single-cell thick; diffusion; exchange; blood and body cells
3) one-way; thin; smooth muscle; low resistance; skeletal muscle; return; to the heart

Front 19

Blood Vessels
1) thick walls, smooth muscles-__
2) tiny: thin single cell; made of ___
3) thin walls, thin smooth muscle; one-way valves

Back 19

1) arteries/arterioles; elastic
2) capillaries; endothelium (epithelium)
3) veins/venules

Front 20

Veins
1) ___diameter
2) ___resistance
3) contain ___
4) ___flow
5) known as ____ (__of total ___)

Back 20

1) large
2) low
3) valves
4) one-way
5) blood reservoirs; (50-60%; blood volume)

Front 21

Blood Circulation: Starting in the heart

Back 21

1) arteries
2) arterioles
3) capillaries
4) venules
5) veins
6) back to heart

Front 22

Human Circulatory System (HEART)
1) ___types of chambers: ___
2) mammals and birds: ___of heart (___); each __= ___+___
3) mammals and birds have __circuit(s): ___

Back 22

1) 2 types of chambers: atria-receiving chambers; ventricles-pumping chambers -->arteries
2) 2 halves; (separated); half = atrium + ventricle
3) 2 circuits; pulmonary and systemic circuits

Front 23

Human Circulatory System (HEART): Circuits
1) Pulmonary Circuit-- ____O2 (___)
2) Systemic Circuit--___O2; (___)

Back 23

1) picks up; RV->lungs->LA->LV
2) delivers nutrients, O2,etc.; LV->body tissue--> RA-->RV

Front 24

Heart:
1) the right side of the heart contains ___; receive from ___and go to___
2) the left side of the heart contains ___; receive from ____and go to ___

Back 24

1) oxygen poor blood; systemic circuit; pulmonary circuit
2) oxygen rich blood; pulmonary circuit; systemic circuit

Front 25

Distribution of Blood-Heart Output:
The top 4 organ systems that use the most blood

Back 25

1) digestive tract (21%)
2) kidneys
3) skeletal muscles
4) brain

Front 26

Heart Structure and Location
1) heart is located in the ___
2) ___of the heart is very muscular--need to __

Back 26

1) center of chest cavity
2) left ventricle; squeeze/pump blood

Front 27

Cardiac Conducting System
1) both __and ___ are located in the RIGHT atrium--they send __so ___
2) ___-a region of cells that generate electrical signals, heart ___; = ___
3) ___sends signals to walls of ___ (to ___)it also sends signal to ____. Then ___sends signals to ___-->____

Back 27

1) SA node and AV node; electrical signal; atria can contract at the same time
2) pacemaker; contracts; = sinoatrial node (SA node)
3) SA node; atria; contract; Atrioventricular node (AV node); AV node; ventricular muscles; ventricles contract

Front 28

Cardiac Conducting System consists of:

Back 28

1) SA node (pacemaker)
2) AV node
3) AV bundle

Front 29

Human Circulatory System (Heart Sounds)
1) cardiac output = ___; sports =___; ___contraction/min
2) First sound "__" = closing of valves between ___
3) Second sound "__" = closing of valves between___
4) __=period of contraction of heart ventricles, begins with ___
5) ___= period of relaxation of heart ventricles, begins with ___

Back 29

1) 5-6 l/min; 30-35l/min; 60-80
2) "Lubb"; atria and ventricles
3) "Dubb"; ventricles and arteries
4) systole; "Lubb" sound
5) diastole; "Dubb" sound

Front 30

Cardiac Cycle consists of:
1) contraction of ventricles
2) relaxation of ventricles
3) closure/opening of __
4) contraction of ventricles is the ____of___

Back 30

1) systole
2) diastole
3) valves
4) force; blood flow

Front 31

Human Circulatory System (B.P.)
1) pressure= ___
2) blood pressure = pressure of ___on the ___
3) young adult systolic BP = ___
4) young adult diastolic BP = ___

Back 31

1) force/unit area
2) blood; walls of vessels
3) 120 mmHg
4) 80mmHg

Front 32

Calculate # of liters of blood:
1) equation
2) conversion of pounds to kg

Back 32

1) weight in kg X 8% = # of liters of blood
2) 1 lb = 0.45kg

Front 33

With blood pressure, ___is highest to measure

Back 33

1) systolic

Front 34

1) supplement to vertebrate circulatory system; it runs parallel to __half of circulatory system
2) structure of lymphatic system: a complex network of ___and ___(___&__both produce __); in proximity to the ___; composed of cells with __between them that act as ___
3) components of lymphatic fluid (__): ___

Back 34

1) lymphatic system; venous
2) thin walled vessels; two organs (thymus & spleen; lymphocytes); capillary network; openings; one-way valves
3) lymph: water, WBCs, and foreign matter

Front 35

Lymphatic system
1) lymph flow comes from the ___ of ___ (walking, breathing, etc.)
2) functions: __of ___; __of__from the ___to __(___); __of the body by exposing viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells to ____ (sites= ___)

Back 35

1) contraction; nearby muscles
2) removal; excess body tissue fluids; transport; fats; small intestine; blood; (absorption); defense; WBCs; lymphatic nodes

Front 36

Lymphatic System
1) lymph vessels (green) and the ___
2) FUNCTIONS: ___
3) consists of: ___

Back 36

1) capillaries
2) drainage, absorption, and delivery of pathogens
3) tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph nodes

Front 37

In Conclusion:
1) Circulatory systems consist of a ___
2) Blood consists of ___
3) Blood delivers ___, and other products as well as transports ___products from cells
4) the human heart is a ___
5) the two circuits pumped from the heart are the ___

Back 37

1) heart, vessels, and blood
2) plasma & cellular portion (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
3) oxygen; waste
4) double pump
5) pulmonary and systemic circuits

Front 38

In Conclusion:
1) the ___circuit allows blood to pick up oxygen and get ride of carbon dioxide
2) the ___circuit allows blood to deliver oxygen to cells and pick up waste products
3) ___drives the blood through both circuits
4) blood flows from ___areas to ___areas
5) capillary beds are ____
6) ___bring blood back toward the heart
7) the hearts conducting system regulates the ___and the ___of the heart
8) the ___initiates the action potentials and is the ___
9) the lymphatic system takes up ___from the ___, transports ___, and delivers ___

Back 38

1) pulmonary
2) systemic
3) ventricular contraction
4) high pressure; low pressure
5) diffusion zones
6) veins
7) heart beat; rhythmic contraction
8) SA node; pacemaker
9) fluid; blood; fats; pathogens to nodes