Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 8 fundamental properties of life that all organisms share
|
1. cellular organization
2. sensitivity 3. growth 4. development 5. reproduction 6. regulation 7. homeostasis 8. heredity |
|
describe sensitivity
|
all organisms respond stimuli
|
|
describe growth
|
all living things assimilate energy and use it to grow
|
|
what is metabolism
|
the process of all living things assimilating energy and using it to maintain internal order and grow
|
|
describe development
|
both unicellular and multicellular organisms undergo systematic, gene-directed changes as they grow and mature
|
|
describe regulation
|
all organisms have regulatory mechanisms that coordinate internal processes
|
|
what is based on the replication of a long complex molecule called DNA
|
genetic system
|
|
what is panspermia
|
the hypothesis that proposes that metoers or cosmic dust may have carried significant amounts of complex organic molecules to earth, kicking off the evolution of life
|
|
What is the miller and urey experiment
|
assemble a reducing atmosphere rich in hydrogen and no oxygen, place atmospere over water, maintain at high temp, simulate lightning
|
|
What did the miller and urey experiment find
|
within a week 15% of the carbon converted into simple compounds, then went on to form more complex molecules
|
|
What is most likely the first genetic material
|
RNA
|
|
Why is RNA a likely candidateq
|
it can act as an enzyme used in self-replication (ribozyme)
|
|
what are binomials and what are they relative to the subject
|
two-part names, the standard way of designating a species
|
|
what is taxonomy the science of
|
classifying living things
|
|
what is a taxon
|
a group of organisms at a particular level in a classification system
|
|
what is significant about the first name of the binomial
|
it is the genus to which the organism belongs (always capitilized)
|
|
what does the second name refer to
|
the particular species (lowercase)
|
|
the two words together are called what
|
the species name or scientific name
|
|
a cluster that includes genera with similar characteristics
|
family
|
|
similar families are place in the same ____
|
order
|
|
what is a class
|
orders with common properties
|
|
classes with similar characteristics
|
phylum
|
|
the phylas are assigned to several great groups called
|
kingdoms
|
|
what are the kingdoms
|
1. two kinds of prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria)
2. a largely unicellular group of eukaryotes (protista) 3. three multicellular groups (fungi, plantae, animilia) |
|
in the 6 kingdom system four of the kingdoms consist of what
|
eukaryotic organisms
|
|
what are the 2 most familiar kingdoms
|
animalia and plantae
|
|
what do animalia and plantae contain
|
only organisms that are multicellular during most of their life cycle
|
|
what does the kingdom FUNGI contain
|
multicellular forms and single-celled yeasts
|
|
the large number of eukaryotes that dont fit in any of the 3 eukaryotic kingdoms are grouped into what single kingdom
|
protista
|
|
most protists are
|
unicellular or have a unicellular phase in their life cycle
|
|
the protists are what type of group
|
paraphyletic (also contains several nonmonophyletic adaptive lineages with distinct evolutionary origins)
|
|
what do the archaea and bacteria kingdoms consist of
|
prokaryotic organisms
|
|
the 3 domains are probably
|
monophyletic
|
|
currently biologists recognize how many domains
|
3 (archaea, bacteria, eukarya)
|
|
true or false bacteria are more numerous than any other organism
|
true
|
|
most biologists recognize how many groups of bacteria
|
12-15
|
|
what characteristics do archaea share
|
cell walls lack peptidoglycan, the lipids in the cell membranes of the archae have a different structure from those in all other organisms, and archae have distinctive ribosomal RNA sequences
|
|
What do both archae and eukaryotes lack
|
peptidoglycan in cell walls
|
|
what are the 3 categories of archae
|
methanogens, extremophiles, nonextreme archae
|
|
how do methanogens obtain their energy
|
by using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane gas.
|
|
Where can you find methanogens and what do they produce
|
swamps, marshes, and the intestines of mammals 2 billion tons of methane gas
|
|
what are the types of extremophils
|
1. thermophiles -60-80 degree C, autotrophs with a sulferbased metabolism
2. cold-adapted- live in glacier ice 3. halophiles- live in very salty conditions 4. pH-tolerant archae- grow in highly acidic or highly basic environment 5. pressure tolerant archaea- found in the ocean depths |
|
eukaryotes have ________ cells
|
compartmentalized
|
|
what is the hallmark of eukaryotes
|
complex cellular organization
|
|
mitochondria and chloroplasts are both believed to have entered early eukaryotic cells by a process called
|
endosymbiosis
|
|
what are the 3 characteristics that distinguish eukaryotes from prokaryotes
|
1.compartmentilization
2. multicellularity 3. sexual reproduction |
|
what are "parasitic" macromolecules, segments of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat
|
viruses
|