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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kublaa Khan
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hunting regulations, no hunting while mating
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paleo indians
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burned grasslands to get lush grass
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europe
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lords owned and regulated land
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3 policies of NA system of management
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1.absence of market for game animal meat
2. allocation of wildlife benefits by law, not birthright or marketplave 3. no frivolous/excessive killing |
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passenger pigeon
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5 billion 1860, extinct in 1914
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heath hen
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poor sex ratio + popular game bird
EXTINCT |
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Carolina Parakeet
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live in holes of orchard trees
EXTINCT |
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Wood Duck
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too pretty, lived in trees by rivers,
SEVERELY DEPLETED restored by legal protection, habitat improvements, and pop. monitoring |
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Wild Turkey
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roost in big groups, very easy to hunt
DEPLETED restored by catch-release |
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Black-footed ferret
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prey of predilection was praire dogs, pd's got sick from k9s, killed by cattlers
ALMOST EXTINCT |
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Whooping Crane
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only 23 left in 1941
low rate of egg laying Foster parent program - tried to have sandhill cranes raise them, but the WCs grew up to act like SCs and couldn't breed |
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Extirpation
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a species is entirely killed off from an area
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law 1 - NY game protective Assoc
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organized by sportsmen, started game seasons
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law 2 - Mich, Wisc, MN
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made first game wardens
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law 3 THE LACEY ACT
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1900, 1. can't transfer illegally killed animals across state lines
2. permits required for exotic animals 3. The fedgov starts trying to regulate hunting 4. Lacey known as ;father of conservation legislation' |
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law 4 - migratory bird treaty 1918
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agreement with Britain and Canada
1st international wildlife management REGS, BUT NO FUNDING |
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law 5 - 1929 Migratory Bird Conservation Act
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5 types of refuge areas 2b constructed
NO FUNDING, never bought any refuges |
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law 6 - Duck Stamp Act 1934
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1st time gov REQUIRED GAME LICENSES
Funded the migratory bird act(refuges) refuges were bought and wardens were paid successful |
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law 7 - Pittman-Robertson Act 1937
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CASH COW
taxed sporting ammo+goods 10-11% money distributed to states by formula states must pay $1 for every 3 the fed pays *projects must be for at least 5 years and go toward specific conservation things has raised billions |
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law 8 - Dingell-johnson 1950
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10% tax on fishing equiptment
another cash cow |
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law 9 - NEPA 1969
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Enivronmental Impact statements
President's Council on Environmental Quality(CEQ) |
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law 10 - new Endangered Species Act
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required to conserve ecosystems of endangered species
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law 11 - Nat Forest Mgmt Act 1976
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minimum viable population requirements
must b enough individs to reproduce population |
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law 13 - Reauthoriztion of the Sikes Act
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- requires defense dept to manage wildlife on its land
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autoecology
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1 secies
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synecology
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multiple species
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biosphere
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all parts of earth that can support life
from beneath surface few km, to atmosphere |
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Systems ecology
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study of systems, like water cycle, etc
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biotic community
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the living part of an ecosystem
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Laws of thermodynamics
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1. Conservation of energy
2. entropy, 10% of energy transferred to next trophic level |
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Steno
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Narrow range of tolerance ie stenothermal
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eury
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wide range of tolerance
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types of Adaptions to climate
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1. physical
2. behavioral 3. psychological |
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Bergman's Rule
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the colder the area, the bigger the sizer of the ecotype
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Allen's Rule
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Allen is cool
the colder, the smaller the extremities (nose etc) |
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Gloger's rule
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it gloges in the dark
hotter-darker skin/fur |
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fossorial
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digs down in ground like mole to stay warm (or cool?)
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subnivean
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digs under snow
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torpor
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daily or seasonal, very low-energy state
includes hibernation/estivation |
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heat-loading
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store extra heat energy + use when cold
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Estivation/Aestivation
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hibernate during hot season/summer
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biome
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largest collection of plants/animals that can be identified in a group
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levels of taxonomy
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Alpha - naming
beta - ordering animals in a hierarchy gamma - evolutionary track |
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taxonomy
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most inclusive level of biology
apporach to naming, describing, organizing plants and animals |
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Analagous characteristics
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same function, evolved from diff organs
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Homologous characteristics
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same organ roots/genetic base - diff function
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biotic potential
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theoretical upper limit on a population's rate of increase
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P
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# of females
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Z
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# of young/female/litter
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n
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# litters/year
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R
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proportion of females - litters
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r
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rate of growth of a population
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b
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rate of births
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d
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rate of deaths
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i
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immigration rate
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e
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emigration rate
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deltaN
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change in population size
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deltaT
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change in time
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N
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# individs in pop
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r alternative meaning
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the individ's avg capability of contributing a kid in a given time
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k
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carrying capacity
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k-N/k
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expresses environmental resistance, density-dependent
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Population Growth models
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basic Exponential growth
- how pops grow w/o environmental resistance - J shaped logistic/sigmoid - density-dependent factor added to equation - shows limiting factors like k - not a j, peters off as approaches k |
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K-selected species
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lives near the carrying cpacity
-lower rates of growth, longer lifes |
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r-selected species
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shorter lifespan
lots of kids pop will grow until resources run out density-independent like rodents |
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differential mortality
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mortality that disproportionately affects one gender
like only killing bucks |
