• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/102

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

102 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Hyperthermophiles

Like extreme heat

Thermophiles

Surviving temperatures hotter than normal

Mesophiles

Humans Not too hot not too cold

Psychrotrophs

Survive cold for a refrigerator slows down the spoilage rate

Psychrophiles

Grow well there is 0°C extreme cold

Acidophiles

Love acid

Obligate halophiles

Must have by salt example Dead Sea

Faculatative halophiles

Does not require high so that can survive and salt example can be a pathogen in your skin with too much salt

Superoxide dismutase

Enzyme used to catalyze super oxide radicals


O2+O2+2H+>H2O2+O2

Catalase

Hope still with the production of peroxide


Enzyme to catalyze enzymes


2H2O2>2H2O+O2

Catalase

Hope still with the production of peroxide


Enzyme to catalyze enzymes


2H2O2>2H2O+O2

Culture media

Allows us to grow organisms in the laboratory under control define conditions

Ultra media can be defined or complex

Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive


Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap

Ultra media can be defined or complex

Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive


Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap

Inoculation

Introducing bacteria onto media

Ultra media can be defined or complex

Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive


Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap

Inoculation

Introducing bacteria onto media

Inoculum

Bacteria used for inoculation

Culture

Grow bacteria?

Broth

Same thing as agar just lacks the solidifying agent

Agar

Solid media that uses a complex Polysaccharide derive from marine algae due to bacteria cannot be graded and liquefies at 100 but doesn’t solidify until 40 however one solid can’t liquefy Ginto hundred

Reduced media

Contains no oxygen


Thiogylcolate or oxyrase(stronger than other)

Incubator

Can hold many important factors for microbial growth such as temperature carbon dioxide hydrogen and moisture

Anaerobic jar

Used to add CO2 as well as remove oxygen it’s a small vessel

Pure culture

When you work with a mixture of microbes we try to study one bacteria at a time and then isolate it

Pure culture

When you work with a mixture of microbes we try to study one bacteria at a time and then isolate it

Differential media

Blood agar distinguishing organism a from organism be it’ll show a difference

Selective media

Encourages one organism to grow over everything else. Represses other things and select one to grow by giving the one they want to grow factors that help

Enrichment media

Enriches environment to help target grow our suppressing others

Generation time

The time required for one sold be divided and become too can range from 60 minutes to hundreds of hours


Mycobacterium can take several months

Log phase

Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do

Log phase

Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do

Log phase

Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins

Log phase

Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do

Log phase

Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins

Stationary phase

So still dividing because they’re still nutrients and they’re still talk sense but divisions are equaling deaths

Log phase

Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do

Log phase

Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins

Stationary phase

So still dividing because they’re still nutrients and they’re still talk sense but divisions are equaling deaths

Death phase

Collapse. More deaths because toxins are too high

Pour plating

Apple combined with molten Agard and poured onto a plate, downside it’s extremely hot so organism would have to be able to survive that

Pour plating

Apple combined with molten Agard and poured onto a plate, downside it’s extremely hot so organism would have to be able to survive that

Spread plate

Inocolum put on a plate and spread but if organism has a capsule it will stick to the spread so you will get a low count

Genetics

The study of how hereditary material is transferred (DNA and RNA)

Genetics

The study of how hereditary material is transferred (DNA and RNA)

Genome

All genetic material in a cell

Semi conservative replication

DNA replication semi conservative because half strand new, half old

Ribosome binding site

Shine-dalgarno site


Complementary to conserve sequence of mRNA located in front of the gene

Semi conservative replication

DNA replication semi conservative because half strand new, half old

Ribosome binding site

Shine-dalgarno site


Complementary to conserve sequence of mRNA located in front of the gene

Codon

Sequence of three nucleic acid‘s that form a genetic codd

Charged tRNA

When a specific amino acid is bound to the region

Peptidyl transferase

Charolais is the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids

Missense mutation

Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different

Missense mutation

Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different

Nonsense mutation

Occurs when a base change results in a nonsense codon prematurely stopping protein synthesis

Missense mutation

Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different

Nonsense mutation

Occurs when a base change results in a nonsense codon prematurely stopping protein synthesis

Frameshift mutation

When one nucleotide is either added or subtracted from a gene

Phenotype

Physical characteristics

Phenotype

Physical characteristics

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism

Mutation

Change in genetic make up of an organism

Vertical gene transfer

Passed from parent to offspring

Vertical gene transfer

Passed from parent to offspring

Horizontal gene transfer

Bacteria reproduce, they can swap the genetic material horizontally (direct)

Plasmid

Small self replicating circular places of extra chromosomal DNA

Snap freezing

Uses cryoprotectant


Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years

Snap freezing

Uses cryoprotectant


Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years

Lyophilization

Freeze drying after snap frozen with cryoprotectant Uses vacuum to remove all water can be stored like this for centuries at room temperature

Snap freezing

Uses cryoprotectant


Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years

Lyophilization

Freeze drying after snap frozen with cryoprotectant Uses vacuum to remove all water can be stored like this for centuries at room temperature

EPS

Extracellular polymeric substance


In biofilm

Biofilm

Bad but protect it with EPS


Complex microbial communities

Obligate intracellular parasite

Absolutely requires a living host in order to multiply (virus)

Obligate intracellular parasite

Absolutely requires a living host in order to multiply (virus)

Capsid

Protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

Viral envelope

Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad

Viral envelope

Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad

Bacteriophage

Virus bacteria?

Viral envelope

Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad

Bacteriophage

Virus bacteria?

Spike protein

Wags that kind of stick off virus

Host range

Who the virus can infect

Tissue tropism

Even within a susceptible host not all cells are going to be infected by the virus for example if you get a cold it’s only in your sinus because those cells are susceptible because only Certain tissues can get infected

Tissue tropism

Even within a susceptible host not all cells are going to be infected by the virus for example if you get a cold it’s only in your sinus because those cells are susceptible because only Certain tissues can get infected

Plaque

Mixing bacterial phages with bacteria and the clear dots are the plaque also the virus

Lytic

1. Attachment


2. Penetration


3. Biosyn


4. Maturation


5. Release


ENDS IN CELL DEATH

Lytic

1. Attachment


2. Penetration


3. Biosyn


4. Maturation


5. Release


ENDS IN CELL DEATH

Lysogenic cycle

Host cell remains alive if the virus incorporates itself in the DNA of Housell

Bacteriophage therapy

Using phages to kill bacteria infected tissue causes problem because in 7 to 10 days immune system response sees as foreign

Restriction enzyme

Cuts DNA in same place each time

Cytopathic effects

Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is

Cytopathic effects

Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is

Cancer

Unregulated Cell division

Cytopathic effects

Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is

Cancer

Unregulated Cell division

Oncogene

Genes who’s Product involved transforming of the cells in culture introducing tumor in animal. Also regulating cellular replication

Acute infection

Simplest and most common virus enters the house and it begins to replicate in the immune system can clear the virus

Latent viral infection

Remains in house still for long periods without producing infection

Latent viral infection

Remains in house still for long periods without producing infection

Persistent viral infection

Disease processes that occur over a long period of time and are generally fatal