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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the skin
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Protection of deeper tissues
Vitamin D synthesis Sensation Temperature regulation Communication |
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stem cells
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- divide and push other cells up towards the surface
- responsible for keratinocyte production |
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keratinocytes
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- great majority of epidermal cells
- synthesize keratin |
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melanocytes
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- occur only in the Stratum Basale
- responsible for skin color |
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tactile (merkel) cells
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- associated with nervous system
- responsible for touch |
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dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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- Immune cells
- IDs strain of bacteria that enters cell and tells lymphocytes in order to fight it - in S. Spinosum and S. Granulosum |
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stratum corneum
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- up to 30 layers of dead cells
- form durable surface layer - resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss |
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stratum lucidum
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- thin layer (see through)
- only found in thick skin - keratinocytes are densely packed with ELEIDIN |
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stratum granulosum
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- 3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes
- keratinocytes contain course, dark-staining Keratohyalin granules |
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stratum spinosum
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- thickest layer in most skin
- deepest cells are still capable of mitosis but dividing is ceased - flatter cells higher up |
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stratum basale
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- contains single layer of cells
- outermost layer |
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layers of dermis
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Papillary layer
Reticular layer |
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papillary layer
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- areolar tissue
- rich in small blood vessels - allows for movement of WBs and other defenses against organisms introduced through breaks in the epidermis |
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reticular layer
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- dense irregular connective tissue
- when COLLAGEN fibers are torn = stretch marks |
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Most significant factor in skin color?
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Melanin
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True or False:
All shades of skin color contain the same number of melanocytes |
True
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Cyanosis
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blueness of the skin resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood
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Erythema
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abnormal redness of the skin
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Pallor
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pale or ashen color that occurs when there is so little blood flow through the skin that the white color of the dermal collagen shows through
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Albinism
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genetic lack of melanin
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Jaundice
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yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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Hematoma (bruise)
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mass of clotted blood showing through the skin
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dermal papilla
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- fingerlike extensions of the dermis
- provides hair with nutrition |
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hair matrix
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where hair undergoes growth immediately above the papilla
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hair receptors
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nerve fibers that entwine each follicle and respond to hair movement
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arrector pili muscle
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- contracts to make hair stand up when stimulated
- helps in cold to lower heat loss - also used in communication |
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hair follicle (2 layers)
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Epithelial Root Sheath (developed in epidermis)
Connective Tissue Root Sheath (developed in dermis) |
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parts of hair
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In skin: Hair bulb, Hair root
Outside skin: Hair shaft Inside the hair: Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle |
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Describe the nail
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- highly keratinized cells (hard)
- nail bed: where nail grows - nail matrix: growth zone - nail plate: the entire nail - lunule: base of the nail |
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Name the two Cutaneous glands
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Merocrine (Eccrine) Sweat Gland
Apocrine Sweat Gland |
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Merocrine (Eccrine) Sweat Gland
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- Narrow lumen; Duct opens to skin surface
- Secretes by exocytosis - Widely distributed over the entire body - Function in evaporative cooling - Simple tubular gland - Ex: salivary gland |
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Apocrine Sweat Gland
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- "Scent" gland
- Large lumen; Duct conveys to hair follicle - Secrete whole cell as cell disintegrates - Sex pheromones - Ex: oil gland in skin |
