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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are fungi? |
eukaryotic heterotrophs (use organic compounds as a carbon source) that are often very parasitic (feed upon live cells) and/or saprophytic (feed upon dead and decaying cells)
• There are over 100,000 species of fungi • They are plentiful form of life • In their vegetative form they are non-motile. • Fungi are organism that do not undergo photosynthesis. • They can grow in a temperature range of 0 to 62 degrees C • Optimum temperature is 20 to 30 degrees C • They generally prefer a slightly acidic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar) • They need less nitrogen than bacteria and can survive on such substances as paint and shoe leather. • Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use • They generally grow more slowly than bacteria • To isolate fungal organisms from bacteria, add antibiotics. This will suppress the bacteria and allow yeasts or molds to grow |
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How many types of fungi are there?
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over 100,000 species
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True/False: Fungi in their vegetative forms are non-motile
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true
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Fungi are organisms that do not undergo _____.
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photosynthesis
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What is the temperature that fungi can grow in?
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0 to 62 degrees C
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What is the optimum temperature of fungi?
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20 to 30 degrees C
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True/False: Fungi in their vegetative forms is motile.
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False
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True/False: Fungi undergoes photosynthesis.
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False
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True/False: Fungi generally prefer a slightly basic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar)
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False
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True/False: Fungi need less nitrogen than bacteria.
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True
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True/False: Fungi generally prefer a slightly acidic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar)
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True
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True/False: Fungi generally grow faster than bacteria
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False
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True/False: Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use.
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True
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What can be added to isolate fungal organisms from bacteria?
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antibiotics
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Fungi consists of ___ & ___.
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yeast & mold
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define: yeast
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unicellular, non-filamentous, spherical or oval forms
• facultative anaerobes • When O₂ is present they will undergo aerobic respiration • When O₂ is unavailable they will undergo fermentation and produce products such as ethanol and CO₂ • Some can be dimorphic appearing as cellular forms in certain circumstances and filamentous forms at other times. |
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define: mold
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• typically multicellular, filamentous forms
• mostly aerobic with respect to their metabolism and form a fuzzy, powdery growth seen on plant and animal tissue. • Some molds are dimorphic |
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Fleshy fungi consists of the mushroom that are...
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multicellular, filamentous forms that produce a thick fleshy reproductive structure
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define: thallus
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is a "plant-like" structure that is not differentiated into stems, roots and leaves. The characteristics unit of a mold is the hypha
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hyphae
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can be used to characterize the molds
• Structurally, hyphae can be non-septate (coenocytic) where the cross walls between cells do not exist or septate, where cross walls between cells are present |
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When septate, the cells of hyphae can have ___ nucleus.
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one nucleus (uninucleate) in some species, or possess more that one nucleus (multinuclear) in others.
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Functionally, hyphae can be ___ or ___.
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vegetative or reproductive
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Reproductive hyphae can produce either ___ or ___ spores.
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asexual or sexual
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Fungi can produce reproductive hyphae which project ___ their growth substance.
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above
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Fungal spores are both ___ and ___ cells.
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resistant and reproductive cells
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The spores land back upon the substrate and form ___.
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new hyphae
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___ produce new hyphae with the same genetics as the strain from which they came.
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Asexual spores
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___ will form hyphae with the mixed genetics from two different strains of the mold.
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Sexual spores
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What are some asexual spore types?
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1. blastospores
2. chlamydospores 3. arthrospores 4. sporangiospores 5. conidospores |