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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sucrose made of?
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Glucose and fructose
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Which takes longer, the hydrolysis of starch or sucrose? Why?
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Starch takes longer because it's a polysaccharide, whereas sucrose is a disaccharide
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What test is for small sugars? What indicates a positive result? Negative?
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Benedict's test is for small sugars, but it won't detect sucrose. Positive is indicated by red, yellow, orange, or green. Clear is negative.
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What test is for starch? Positive and negative results?
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Iodine reagent is for starch. It turns blue if positive, yellow if negative.
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What test is for lipids?
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Paper test
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What test is for proteins?
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The Biuret reagent test. It turns purple if positive, and blue if negative.
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What is the separation of butter called? What does it consist of?
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Clarification. It's the process of separating lipid from the other water-soluble, protein-containing part.
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What is margarine?
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Clarified butter.
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What is responsible for the production of benzoquinone?
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Catechol oxidase.
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What did we use in lab to inhibit catechol oxidase?
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PTU
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Is PTU a competitive or non-competitive inhibitor? Why or why not?
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PTU is non-competitive because adding more catechol oxidase didn't lead to increased reaction
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What two substances did we use to test differences in the rate of diffusion? Which is faster and why?
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Methylene blue and potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is faster because it's smaller and lighter.
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What is the bursting of blood cells called?
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Hemolysis
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What is the wrinkling of a cell called?
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Crenation
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What are two important factors that determine whether or not a molecule passes through a selectively permeable membrane?
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Hydrophobicity and molecule size
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What are the two main photosynthetic pigments in plants?
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Chlorophyll A and B
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What is responsible for capturing some light energy and transferring it to chlorophyll?
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Accessory pigments, namely carotenes and xanthophylls
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What is a technique for separating the pigments of a plant?
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Paper chromatography
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What are the five pigments in a plant, and what are the colors associated with each?
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carotenes = yellow band a
xanthophylls = yellow band b chlorophyll a = blue-green chlorophyll b = yellow-green pheophytin = grey band |
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What happens to electrons in oxidation? Reduction?
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Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Reduction is gaining electrons
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What happens to hydrogen atoms in cellular respiration?
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In cellular respiration, two hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose (oxidation) and transferred to a coenzyme called NAD+, reducing it to NADH.
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What are the three metabolic stages of cellular respiration, and where do they occur?
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Glycolysis in the cytoplasm, and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain in the mitochondria.
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What are the metabolic differences between cellular respiration and fermentation?
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Fermentation involves glycolysis but not the Krebs cycle or electron transport chain.
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What are the two types of fermentation?
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Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
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How many molecules of ATP are produced in cellular respiration? In fermentation?
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38 in cellular respiration. 2 in fermentation
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What are the products of the anaerobic processes?
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Ethanol and CO2 or lactate
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What are the products of the aerobic processes?
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H2O, CO2, and ATP
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