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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Names of studies or fields associated with microbiology |
1. Bacteriology |
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What are some examples of waterborne diseases that are caused by bacteria?
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typhoid fever, cholera, shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
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Typhoid fever
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Waterborne disease caused by bacteria
- caused by Salmonella typhi (gram negative organism) - causes diarrhea |
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Cholera
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Waterborne disease caused by bacteria
- caused by Vibrio cholera (gram negative organism) -causes diarrhea |
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Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
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Waterborne disease caused by bacteria
- caused by Shigella sonnei and Shigella dysenteriae (gram negative organism) |
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What are some examples of waterborne diseases that are caused by viruses?
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Infectious Hepatitis and Polio
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Infectious Hepatitis
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Waterborne disease cause by viruses
-caused by Hepatitis A virus |
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Polio
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Waterborne disease cause by viruses
- caused by the Polio virus (causes paralysis) |
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What are some examples of waterborne diseases that are caused by protozoa?
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Giardiasis
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Giardiasis
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Waterborne disease cause by protozoa
- caused by Giardia lamblia |
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Soil organisms
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the top foot-acre of soil contains approximatel 1000 lbs. of bacteria and an equal amount of fungi, protozoa and algae. Tetanus is a bacterial infection cause by Clostridium tetani [bacterial]
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Tetanus
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- a bacterial infection cause by Clostridium tetani [bacterial]
- an anaerobic (doesn't like oxygen) -spore forming (gram positive rod) -produces powerful neurotoxin |
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The Bacillus species can form?
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spores
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What are some sources of infection?
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waterborne diseases, soil organisms, dairy products, blood products, respiratory aerosols and food born sickness
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Listeriosis
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(dairy product organism) is a bacterial disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes (gram positive bacteria). This organism is capable of growing at refrigerator temperatures and can be found in unpasterized dairy products (Also, found occasionally in pre-packaged meat products). This bacterial organism is a gram positive rod that can infect the CNS and cause meningitis
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define: pasteurization
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can destroy this organism and prevent infection (60 degrees C. for 30 minutes)
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Serum Hepatitis
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- caused by the Hepatitis B virus
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome caused by the virus known as HIV - example of a blood product |
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Influenza
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- caused by the Influenza virus
- the common cold can be caused by several viruses (Coronavirus, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus). Pneumonic plague is caused by a bacterial organism known as Yersinia pestis (gram negative organism) -example of a respirator aerosols |
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Myobacterium tuberculosis
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)gram positive rod)
- difficult to treat - gets into your lungs and resistance to antibiotics |
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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yeast [eukaryotic]
- used in baker's yeast and to produce alcohol in fermentation - beneficial microorganism in food and beverages |
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Lactobacillus sanfrancisco
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bacterium
- used in sour french bread cultures - beneficial microorganism in food and beverages |
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Pencillium roguefortii and Penicillium camembertii
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molds
- used to produce distinctive flavors and textures in cheese - beneficial microorganism in food and beverages |
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Spirulina spp. (algae) and totula spp. (yeast)
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- can be grown in industrial amounts to supply quantities of protein.
- Single cell protein could be a more efficient method of food production than beef, pork or soybeans, but it is not an ideal situation due to practical problems. Securing clean water along with geopolitical issues can interfere with this method of food distribution) [obtain clean and sterile water] - example of single cell proteins |
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What are some pharmaceuticals that are beneficial microorganisms?
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Penicillium spp. (terrestial mold), Cephalosporium spp. (marine mold), Streptomyces spp. (bacterium) and Bacillus spp (bacterium) are the four parent Genera used in producing antibiotics
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Escherichia coli
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(bacterium)
- lives in the colon (gram negative organism) - used as a major organism in developing techniques to move and recombine DNA resulting in genetically engineered cells. - Genetically engineered cells have been used to produce t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator), insulin, HGH (human growth hormone) [made in the pituitary gland], interferon [protein product], Factor VIII, fetal hemoglobin[protein holds onto oxygen better] |
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Pseudomonias syringae
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(bacterium)
(gram negative) - used as a nucleating positive (+) strain to promote water crystallization in the production of snow. A genetically engineered Pseudomonas syringe nucleating negative (-) strain will inhibit ice crystallization and can be used agricultural crops to prevent frost damage |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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blue pus organism
(gram negative) - people with burns, skin graphs, highly antibiotic agent |
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hybirdomas
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techniques partially developed from microbial recombinant DNA technology has allowed for the creation of hybridomas
- Hybridomas are combined cells that have attributes from the individual cells - A hybridoma has been developed from a B cell lymphocyte and a cancer cell - We now have a cell that produces monoclonal antibiotics (B cell attributes) and divides rapidly (cancer cell attribute) |
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Gnotobiotic Research
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(means known life)
- involves the use of experimentally infected germ free animals. A test animal that is germ free can be reinfected with a single microorganism to see the effects of this one organism |
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define: Flora
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(microbiota) natural organism
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Bacillus thuringiensis
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(bacterium) can be used to destroy insects that damage crops. This organism produces a toxin which kills the larval form of the cotton boll weevil
- doesn't affect humans |
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What can Bacillus and Collestrium form?
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spores
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