Bio 219: Metabolism

Front 1

A condensation reaction is a reaction that involves the joining together of two or more small molecules to form a large one. This is known as what kind of reaction?

Back 1

Anabolic

Front 2

The addition of two hydrogens and two electrons to NAD+ is an example of what type of chemical reaction?

Back 2

reduction

Front 3

Chemical reactions that involve the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids that produce water as a byproduct are called ________ reactions.

Back 3

condensation

Front 4

Chemical reactions that involve the breaking of a phosphate bond are called ________ reactions.

Back 4

dephosphorylation

Front 5

In a reduction reaction, which of the following is most likely added to the reactants?

Back 5

electrons

Front 6

What type of reaction occurs when a saturated fatty acid becomes unsaturated?

Back 6

oxidation

Front 7

The kinetic energy of a molecule can be increased by ________.

Back 7

increasing its temperature

Front 8

The energy that is stored within an object for later use is referred to as ________.

Back 8

potential energy

Front 9

As the ________ energy of a molecule increases with temperature, the molecule will ________ more frequently with other reactants, thereby increasing reaction rate

Back 9

kinetic : collide

Front 10

As the energy required to overcome the activation energy barrier increases, the reaction rate will ________.

Back 10

decrease

Front 11

The measure of how many product molecules can be produced by an enzyme per unit of time is referred to as that enzyme's ________.

Back 11

catalytic rate

Front 12

Which of the following would decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Back 12

increasing the concentration of the product

Front 13

Which of the following statements best describes allosteric regulation?

Back 13

A modulator molecule loosely binds to a protein, altering its activity.

Front 14

Enzymes increase the activation energy of a reaction.

Back 14

FALSE

Front 15

Binding of a modulator to a regulatory site alters the structure of the enzyme in a way that can affect catalytic rate and/or affinity.

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

Addition of a phosphate group to an enzyme to change its activity is an example of covalent regulation.

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

All of the energy released by the oxidation of glucose is converted and stored in the form of ATP.

Back 17

FALSE

Front 18

Where does glycolysis occur?

Back 18

cytosol

Front 19

In terms of energy production, the Krebs cycle is significant because it ________.

Back 19

reduces the coenzymes NAD and FAD for oxidative phosphorylation

Front 20

Hydrogen ions activate the enzyme ATP synthase by moving from ________.

Back 20

intermembrane space to mitochondrial matrix

Front 21

Each time an electron is passed between the molecules of the electron transport chain, ________.

Back 21

energy is released

Front 22

Under anaerobic conditions, which of the following is a final product of glucose catabolism?

Back 22

lactic acid

Front 23

Which of the following processes describes the catabolism of glycogen?

Back 23

glycogenolysis

Front 24

Fatty acids are catabolized to acetyl CoA by ____________.

Back 24

beta oxidation

Front 25

The conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids is called ________.

Back 25

lipolysis

Front 26

Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo ________.

Back 26

deamination

Front 27

Any nutrient that is not synthesized by the body and must, therefore, be acquired through the diet is a(n) ________ nutrient.

Back 27

essential

Front 28

The amine group removed from an amino acid must be converted to ________ before being eliminated from the human body.

Back 28

urea

Front 29

A substantial amount of ATP is generated from the metabolism of long carbon chains called ________.

Back 29

fatty acid