Bio 213 First Exam

Front 1

Petiole

Back 1

Joins leaf to the stem at a node

Front 2

Dermal tissue system

Back 2

Plant's outer protective covering

Front 3

Periderm

Back 3

Protective tissues that replace the epidermis in older regions of stems+roots

Front 4

Vascular tissue system

Back 4

Facilitates transport of material throughout plant + provides mechanical support

Front 5

Stele

Back 5

Collective term for vasc. tissue of a root or stem

Front 6

Pith

Back 6

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue

Front 7

Parenchyma cells

Back 7

The "flesh" of a plant (very widespread)

Front 8

Collenchyma cells

Back 8

Grouped in strands to support new growth

Front 9

Scelerenchyma cells

Back 9

Secondary cell wall produced after cell elongation is done

Front 10

Vascular cambium

Back 10

Adds layers of vasc tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

Front 11

Cork cambium

Back 11

Replaces epidermis with thicc-er/tougher periderm

Front 12

Apoplast

Back 12

Everything external to plasma mem. of living cells. Includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells

Front 13

Symplast

Back 13

The entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant + the plasmodesmata

Front 14

Plasmolysis

Back 14

Shrinking+pulling away from the cell's protoplast from the cell wall

Front 15

Xerophytes

Back 15

Plants adapted to arid environments

Front 16

Cation exchange

Back 16

Process in which cations are displaced from soil particles by other cations, usually H+

Front 17

Nitrogen cycle

Back 17

Describes transformation of nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds in nature

Front 18

Nitrogen fixation

Back 18

The transformation of atmospheric nitrogen, N2, into ammonia, NH3, and finally usable nitrate, NO3-

Front 19

Ectomycorrhizae

Back 19

Form dense sheathe over the surface of the root

Front 20

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Back 20

"Dig" gently into the root

Hint 20

Found in 85% of plant species

Front 21

Macronutrients

Back 21

Needed in relatively large amounts

Hint 21

C, O, H, N, P, S

Front 22

Micronutrients

Back 22

Needed in tiny amounts

Hint 22

Cl, Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Ni, manganese, and molybdenum

Front 23

Carpels

Back 23

The structure comprised of the stigma, style, and ovule

Front 24

Radicle

Back 24

Embryonic root

Front 25

Epicotyl

Back 25

Portion or the embryonic axis above where the cotyledon are attached and below the first pair of miniature leaves

Front 26

Simple fruits

Back 26

Derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels

Hint 26

Pea flowers

Front 27

Aggregate fruit

Back 27

A single flower w/ several separate carpels that each form a single fruit

Hint 27

Raspberry

Front 28

Multiple fruit

Back 28

Fruit formed from a group of flowers tightly clustered

Hint 28

Pineapple

Front 29

Accessory fruit

Back 29

Other parts of the flower contribute to the fruit

Hint 29

Apple

Front 30

Fragmentation

Back 30

Asexual reproduction by separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants

Front 31

Apomixis

Back 31

Asexual reproduction via producing seeds w/o pollen or fertilization

Hint 31

Dandelions

Front 32

Dioecious

Back 32

Plants can't self-fertilize bc different individuals have different organs that develop at different times

Front 33

Callus

Back 33

Mass of dividing, undifferentiated totipotent cells at the end of a shoot

Front 34

Tropism

Back 34

Any growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from the stimuli

Front 35

Phototropism

Back 35

Growth toward or away from light

Front 36

Cytokinins

Back 36

Growth regulators of cytokinesis, or cell division

Front 37

Phytochromes

Back 37

Photoreceptors that absorb mostly red light

Front 38

Thigmomorphogensis

Back 38

Changes that result from mechanical perturbation