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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Modern cell theory:
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1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing (other) cells 3. The structure of cells is related to their function |
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Cells
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Cells are the fundamental structural and functional unit of most organisms (e. g. viruses are
acellular).
Some organisms are unicellular (one cell) and some are colonial or multi-cellular (more than one cell). |
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Microscopes
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1. Light (brightfield) microscope
2. Transmission electron microscope |
Microscopes
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Resolution
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* * A physical measure of how close two objects can be and still be seen as distinct objects
Measured in units, such as millimeters, micrometers, nanometers, etc. |
Microscopes
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General structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Organisms are composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, never both.
*Know comparison of both |
Comparison of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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A. Shape
B. Size |
A. cells come in a variety of shapes, often related to function
B. 1. Not all cells are the same size 2. Largest cell: ostrich egg with a volume 1016-l0l7x larger than an average bacterial cell |
Shape and size
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Reasons cells have stayed small
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a. Surface area/volume ratio
b. Nuclear control over cell metabolism |
Shape and Size
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Lower Limit to cell size
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Cell must be smaller than the membrane it is contained in?
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Protoplasm
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The living material or substance of a cell
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Protoplasm divided into 2 parts:
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1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm |
2. Cytoplasm consists of 2 parts:
a. Sub-cellular organelles b. Cytosol |
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Membrane Structure
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Every cell has some membrane on the surface of the protoplasm.
Eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells also have internal membranes. |
All membranes have same basic structure
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Plasma membrane, cell membrane, plasmalemma
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3 Membrane terms meaning the same thing
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Membrane Structure:
Fluid Mosaic Model Components are.... (4 of them) |
1. Phospholipids in bilayer
2. Proteins a. Peripheral b. Integral 3. Small amount of carbohydrate 4. Cholesterol |
Movement:
All components may move laterally (sideways) in the membrane. Some components are fixed in place. Movement from one bilayer to another is very rare. |
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Membrane Functions: (3 of them)
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1. Compartmentalization
2. Detection of information outside the cell or organelle 3. Control of movement of substances into or out of cells or organelles |
1. i.e. Mitochondrian biochemical pathway of cellular respiration.
Whatever unit is compartmentalized is more efficient 2. Receptors are usually glycoprotein. 3. They cannot make value judgment (toxin vs nontoxin) |
