Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
|
the coded information of DNA used to guide production of RNA and protein molecules |
|
|
What are the three main types of RNA?
|
mRNA rRNA tRNA |
|
|
Where and when does transcription and translation occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
|
Transcription: in the nucleus Translation: in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Why is a triplet code necessary?
|
TEXTBOOK |
|
|
What is a codon?
|
three RNA bases that code for an amino aid |
|
|
How are codons read? |
from the 5' to 3' of the mRNA |
|
|
What are the four major properties of the genetic code?
|
1.Every codon has only one meaning 2.many of the amino acids are specified by more than one codon 3.Universal 4.Nonoverlapping |
|
|
What is the template strand and the coding strand?
|
template: the DNA strand that is being copied coding: similar to the mRNA sequence and codes for a protein |
|
|
Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes
|
textbook
|
|
|
In what direction does RNA polymerase proceed?
|
3' to 5' so that it can make RNA in the 5' to 3' direction |
|
|
What do the terms upstream and downstream mean?
|
upstream is reading from the 5' to 3' end and downstream is the opposite direction |
|
|
What is a promoter?
|
a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene |
|
|
What are general transcription factors?
|
TEXTBOOK |
|
|
DNA Polymerase: |
replication of DNA to DNA |
|
|
RNA polymerase: |
Transcription of DNA to RNA |
|
|
Ribosome |
Translation of RNA to Protein |
|
|
Messenger RNA(mRNA) |
translated to protein |
|
|
Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) |
integral component of the ribosome |
|
|
Transfer RNA(tRNA) |
bring amino acids to the ribosome
|
|
|
Stages of Transcription: |
BIET Termination |
|
|
Describe the 5' cap |
protects the nascent mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation. |
|
|
Describe a Poly-A tail |
added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA once elongation is complete |
|
|
Describe splicing of introns
|
introns are removed and exons are joined together (ligated) |
