Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the components of blood?
|
-Plasma
-Erythrocytes -Leukocytes -Platelets |
|
|
Functions of blood
-Transports: -______ from lungs to organs/cells -______ from cells to lungs -______ from digestive system & storage -______ to liver & kidneys -_______ -Regulates body ________ -______ (white blood cells) -_______ (platelets) -Stabilizes _______ balance -Stabilizes ________-buffer for acids & bases |
Functions of blood
-Transports -Oxygen from lungs to organs/cells -Carbon dioxide from cells to lungs -Nutrients from digestive system & storage -Wastes to liver & kidneys -Hormones -Regulates body temperature -Immunity (white blood cells) -Clotting (platelets) -Stabilizes water balance -Stabilizes pH-buffer for acids & bases |
|
|
Viscosity:_____ _____ _____
(thickness/stickyness) -Blood is 4.5-5.5 times _____ viscous than water -Plasma alone is 2 times ______ viscous than water -Too many or too few ______ ____ _____ changes the viscosity of blood and puts a strain on the heart |
Viscosity: Resistance to flow (Thickness/stickyness)
-Blood is 4.5-5.5 times more viscous than water -Plasma alone is 2 times more viscous than water -Too many or too few red blood cells puts a strain on the heart |
|
|
Osmolarity: Total molar concentration of dissolved particles in 1 L of solution due to transfer of nutrients and wastes between the _____ & ______ _____
-If too high: blood stream absorbs too much fluid from the tissues, thus causing _______ -If too low: bloodstream transfers too much fluid to tissues, resulting in ______ & _______ |
Osmolarity: Total molar concentration of dissolved particles in 1 L of solution due to transfer of nutrients and wastes between the blood & tissue fluids
-If too high: bloodstream absorbs too much fluid from the tissues, thus causing hypertension -If too low: bloodstream transfers too much fluid to tissues, resulting in edema & hypotension |
|
|
What are the functions of hemoglobin?
|
Transports oxygen & carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Polycythemia: _____ of RBCs
-Primary polycythemia is due to _____ of erythropoietic cell line in red bone marrow -RBC count as high as _____ million; hematocrit of ____% -Secondary Polycythemia: RBC count up to ______ million -_______-more RBCs due to less plasma -_____ _____-extended stay-> RBC count rises to 7-8 million -_____ _____-endurance trained athletes have 6.6 million RBC due to higher oxygen requirements -_______-less lung tissue, but RBC can't correct for this, but erythropoietin is still released, causing excess RBC production -Dangers of polycythemia -increased blood _____, _____, & _____ can lead to ______ _____, _____ _____ & _____ _____ which in turn lead to _____, ______, _____ _____ |
Polycythemia: Excess of RBCs
-Primary Polycythemia is due to cancer of erythropoietic cell line in red bone marrow -RBC count as high as 11 million; hematocrit of 80% -Secondary Polycythemia-RBC count up to 8 million -dehydration-more RBC due to less plasma -High altitude-extended stay at high altitude->RBC count rises to 7-8 million RBCs -Physical conditioning: endurance trained athletes have 6.5 million RBC due to higher oxygen requirements -Emphysema-less lung tissue, but RBCs can't correct for this, but erythropoietin is still released, causing RBC production -Dangers of polycythemia -increased blood volume, pressure and viscosity can lead to poor circulation, heart strain & clogged capillaries -which in turn leads to embolism, stroke, heart failure |
|
|
Anemia: Deficiency of _____ or ____
-Iron-deficiency anemia: dietary iron deficiency=______ ______ Pernicious Anemia: Inadequate ______ ______ -______ ______: Lack of intrinsic factor |
Anemia: Deficiency of RBCs or Hb
-Iron-deficiency anemia: dietary iron deficiency=less Hb -Pernicious anemia: inadequate B12 -Poor nutrition: lack of intrinsic factor (facilitates B12 absorption) |
|
|
Sickle-cell is hereditary _____ defect
-Recessive allele modifies _____ structure -_____ _____ for HbS have sickle-cell disease -______ for HbS have sickle- cell trait -sickle cell disease individual has shortened life -Die by age ____ without treatment; some live to ____ years with treatment -HbS turns to gel in _____ oxygen concentrations -RBCs become deformed ______, thus blocking blood vessels -HbS in indigestible to malaria parasites so gene persists despite its harmful effects to the ______ individuals |
Sickle cell is hereditary Hb defect
-Recessive allele modifies hemoglobin structure -homozygous recessive for HbS have sickle-cell disease -heterozygous for HbS have sickle-cell trait -Sickle cell disease individual has shortened life -Die by age 2 without treatment; some live to 50 yrs with treatment -HbS turns gel in low oxygen concentrations -RBCs become deformed and agglutinate, thus blocking blood vessels -HbS is indigestible to malaria parasites so gene persists despite its harmful effects to the homozygous individuals |
|
|
Hemophilia
-genetic lack of _____ _____ affects coagulation -sex-linked recessive in _____ (inherit from mother) -Hemophilia A is missing clotting factor _____ -Hemophilia B is missing clotting factor _____ -Physical exertion causes _____ & _____ ______ -transfusion of ______ or ______ _______ ______ -Factor VIII now produced by ______ bacteria |
Hemophilia
-genetic lack of any clotting factor affects coagulation -sex-linked recessive in males (inherit from mother) -hemophilia A is missing clotting factor VIII -hemophilia B is missing clotting factor IV -Physical exertion causes bleeding & excruciating pain -transfusion of plasma or purified clotting factors -Factor VIII now produced by transgenic bacteria |
|
|
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
-Widespread _____ of blood with unbroken vessels -Triggered by ______ (septicemia) or if blood slows down or stops as in ______ ______ |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
-Widespread clotting of blood within unbroken vessels -Triggered by bacteria (septicemia) or if blood slows down or stops as in cardiac arrest |
|
|
Prevention of Inappropriate Coagulation
-______ Repulsion -Platelets do not adhere to _____-coating -______ Dilution -Normally diluted by _____ flowing blood -Heart slowing in shock can result in _____ _____ -Natural anticoagulants -_______: produced by the liver deactivates thrombin before it can act on fibrinogin -_____ secreted by basophils & mast cells interferes with formation of prothrombin activator |
Prevention of Inappropriate Coagulation
-Platelet repulsion -platelets do not adhere to prostacyclin-coating -Thrombin dilution -normally diluted by rapidly flowing blood -heart slowing in shock can result in clot formation -Natural Coagulants -antithrombin produced by the liver deactivates thrombin before it can act on fibrinogen -Heparin secreted by basophils & mast cells interferes with formation of prothrombin activator |
