Bio 202 Lesson 1 And 2

Front 1

exocrine glands

Back 1

produce non hormonal substances such as sweat and saliva, and have ducts through which these substances are routed to a membrane surface

Front 2

endocrine glands

Back 2

produce hormones and lack ducts

Front 3

autocrines

Back 3

chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them

Front 4

paracrines

Back 4

act locally but affect cell types other than those releasing the paracrine chemicals

Front 5

two hormones that are steroids

Back 5

gonadal and adrenocortical

Front 6

permissiveness

Back 6

situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present

Front 7

synergism

Back 7

occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell, and their combined effected are amplified

Front 8

humoral stimuli

Back 8

most simple of endocrine control systems

Front 9

humoral stimuli

Back 9

endocrine glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients

Front 10

neural stimuli

Back 10

nerve fibers stimulate hormone release

Front 11

hormonal stimuli

Back 11

many endocrine glands release their hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs

Front 12

pituitary gland or hypophysis

Back 12

gland located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Front 13

infundibulum

Back 13

stalk of the pituitary gland that connects it to the hypothalamus

Front 14

thyroid

Back 14

largest pure endocrine gland in the body

Front 15

tropic hormones

Back 15

thyroid stimulating, adrenocorticotropic, follicle stimulating, luteinizing

Front 16

tropic hormones

Back 16

hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands

Front 17

somatotrophs

Back 17

cells that produce the growth hormone

Front 18

gigantism

Back 18

hyper secretion of growth hormone in children, still active epiphyseal growth plates

Front 19

pituitary dwarfism

Back 19

GH deficiency in children

Front 20

pineal gland

Back 20

may influence our day and night cycles and regulate the onset of sexual maturity

Front 21

thymus gland

Back 21

gland declines in size and function with age

Front 22

ovaries

Back 22

produce the hormones that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty

Front 23

posterior pituitary

Back 23

storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain

Front 24

testes

Back 24

produces the hormones that direct the production of secondary sex characteristics in males

Front 25

adrenal glands

Back 25

produce steroid hormones and gluccocorticoids and moneralcorticoids

Front 26

hypothalamus

Back 26

produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ

Front 27

oxytocin

Back 27

strong stimulant of uterine contraction and acts as a hormonal trigger for milk ejection

Front 28

antidiuretic hormone

Back 28

prevents wide swings in water balance, helps body avoid dehydration and water overload, inhibits or prevents urine formation

Front 29

diabete insipidus

Back 29

result of adh deficiency, output of huge amounts of urine and intense thurst

Front 30

thyroid gland

Back 30

gland located in the anterior neck, on the trachea just inferior to the larynx

Front 31

thyroid hormone

Back 31

body's major metabolic hormone, t3 and t4

Front 32

parathyroid hormone

Back 32

most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the blood

Front 33

mineralocorticoids

Back 33

function is regulation of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids

Front 34

glucocorticoids

Back 34

influence energy metabolism of most body cells and help to resist stressors

Front 35

addison's disease

Back 35

major hyposecretory disorder of the adrenal cortex, involves deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Front 36

pancreas

Back 36

mixed gland composed of both endocrine and exocrine gland cells

Front 37

diabetes mellitus

Back 37

results from hypo secretion or hypo activity of insulin

Front 38

gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle in the diencephalon

Back 38

pineal gland

Front 39

growth hormone

Back 39

important anabolic hormone, many of its effects mediated by IGFs

Front 40

luteinizing hormone

Back 40

tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones

Front 41

aldosterone

Back 41

causes reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys