Bio 200 @ Oit - Medical Terms Chapter 18

Front 1

adrenal cortex

Back 1

Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

Front 2

adrenal medulla

Back 2

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 3

ovaries

Back 3

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

Front 4

pancreas

Back 4

located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion.

Front 5

parathyroid glands

Back 5

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 parathyroid glands

Front 6

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Back 6

located at the base of the brain int he sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16th of an ounce and is half an inch across.

Front 7

testes

Back 7

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Front 8

thyroid gland

Back 8

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine.

Front 9

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Back 9

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Front 10

adrenocorticotopic hormone (ACTH)

Back 10

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Front 11

aldosterone

Back 11

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

Front 12

androgen

Back 12

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

Front 13

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 13

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

Front 14

calcitonin

Back 14

secreted by the thyroid glad; decreases blood calcium levels

Front 15

cortisol

Back 15

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Front 16

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Back 16

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). it is partof the body's "fight or flight" reaction.

Front 17

estradiol

Back 17

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

Front 18

estrogen

Back 18

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Example sare estradiol and estrone.

Front 19

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 19

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stiumulates hormone secretion and egg production by the avaries and sperm production by the testes.

Front 20

glucagon

Back 20

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

Front 21

growth hormone (GH): somatotropin

Back 21

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

Front 22

insulin

Back 22

secreted by beta islet cells (latin insula means island) of the pancreas, insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch)

Front 23

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 23

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Front 24

norepinephrine

Back 24

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound form which another is derived

Front 25

oxytocin (OT)

Back 25

Secreted byt he posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contractino of the uterus during labor and childbirth

Front 26

parathormone (PTH)

Back 26

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

Front 27

progesterone

Back 27

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for preganancy

Front 28

prolactin (PRL)

Back 28

secreted byt he anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion

Front 29

somatotropin (STH)

Back 29

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone

Front 30

testosterone

Back 30

male hormone secreted by the testes

Front 31

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

Back 31

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Note: TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland

Front 32

thyroxine (T4)

Back 32

secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine, T4 increases metabolism in cells.

Front 33

triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 33

secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells

Front 34

vasopressin

Back 34

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 35

catecholamines

Back 35

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine

Front 36

corticosteroids

Back 36

hormones (steroid) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and adrogens and estrogens (sex hormones)

Front 37

electrolyte

Back 37

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes

Front 38

glucocorticoid

Back 38

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.

Front 39

homeostasis

Back 39

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Front 40

hormone

Back 40

substance, secreted by an endocrine glad, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Front 41

hypothalamus

Back 41

region of the brian lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.

Front 42

mineralocorticoid

Back 42

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example.

Front 43

receptor

Back 43

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

Front 44

sella turcica

Back 44

cavity in the skull that cointains the pituitary gland

Front 45

sex hormones

Back 45

steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics

Front 46

steroid

Back 46

complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Ster/o means soild; -ol means oil.

Front 47

sympatheomimetic

Back 47

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways).

Front 48

target tissue

Back 48

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Front 49

aden/o

Back 49

gland - adenectomy

Front 50

adren/o

Back 50

adrenal glands - andropathy

Front 51

adrenal/o

Back 51

adrenal glands - adrenalectomy

Front 52

gonad/o

Back 52

sex glands (ovaries and testes) - gondaotropin

Front 53

pancreat/o

Back 53

pancreas - pancreatectomy

Front 54

parathyroid/o

Back 54

parathyroid gland - parathyroidectomy

Front 55

pituitar/o

Back 55

pituitary gland, hypohysis - hyopituitarism

Front 56

thyr/o

Back 56

thyroid gland - throtropin hormone

Front 57

thyroid/o

Back 57

thryoid gland - thyroiditis

Front 58

andr/o

Back 58

male - androgen

Front 59

calc/o, calci/o

Back 59

calcium - hypercalcemia

Front 60

cortic/o

Back 60

cortex, outer region - corticosteroid

Front 61

crin/o

Back 61

secrete - endocrinologist

Front 62

dips/o

Back 62

third - polydipsia

Front 63

estr/o

Back 63

female - estrogenic

Front 64

gluc/o

Back 64

sugar - hyperglycemia

Front 65

home/o

Back 65

sameness - homestasis

Front 66

hormon/o

Back 66

hormone - hormonal

Front 67

kal/i

Back 67

potassium (an electrolyte) - hypokalemia

Front 68

lact/o

Back 68

milk - prolactin

Front 69

myx/o

Back 69

mucus - myxedema

Front 70

natr/o

Back 70

sodium (an electrolyte) - hyponatremia

Front 71

phys/o

Back 71

growing - hypophysectomy

Front 72

somat/o

Back 72

body - somatotropin

Front 73

ster/o

Back 73

solid structure - steroid

Front 74

toc/o

Back 74

childbirth - oxytocin

Front 75

toxic/o

Back 75

position - thyrotoxicosis

Front 76

ur/o

Back 76

urine - antidiuretic hormone

Front 77

-agon

Back 77

assemble, gather together - glucagon

Front 78

-emia

Back 78

blood condition - hypoglycemia

Front 79

-in, -ine

Back 79

a substance - epinephrine

Front 80

-tropin

Back 80

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on) - adrenocorticotropin

Front 81

-uria

Back 81

urine condition - glycosuria

Front 82

eu-

Back 82

good, normal - euthyroid

Front 83

hyper-

Back 83

excessive, above - hyperkalemia

Front 84

hypo-

Back 84

deficient; below; under; less than normal - hypoinsulinism

Front 85

oxy-

Back 85

rapid, sharp, acid - oxytocin

Front 86

pan-

Back 86

all - panhypopituitarism

Front 87

tetra-

Back 87

four - tetraiodothyronine

Front 88

tri-

Back 88

three - triiodothyronine