Bio 20 Breathing (Ch 7 Textbook)

Front 1

what is the four stages of breathing

Back 1

breathing

external respiration

internal respiration

cellular respiration

Front 2

define breathing

Back 2

movement of air in and out of the lungs

Front 3

define external respiration

Back 3

exchange of oxygen and CO2 in the lungs

Front 4

define internal respiration

Back 4

exchange of oxygen and CO2 in the blood and tissues

Front 5

define cellular respration

Back 5

oxidation of glucose for energy

Front 6

define nasal passage

Back 6

warms, moistens and filters air

Front 7

define pharynx

Back 7

connects nasal passageway to larynx and is filled with mucus

Front 8

define larynx

Back 8

composed of 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments and is also filled with musucs

connects to the trachea

Front 9

define epiglotis

Back 9

epiglottis is the flap at the top of the trachea and bottom of the larynx

Front 10

define trachea

Back 10

extends from the larynx to the chest cavity and carries air to the bronchi

Front 11

define bronchi

Back 11

branches into 2 routs separating air to each lung

Front 12

define bronchioles

Back 12

small bronchi that transfer air inside the lungs, they also increase SA/V ratio

Front 13

define alveoli

Back 13

site of gas exchange at the end of bronchioles

Front 14

define lungs

Back 14

right lung has 3 lobes and left has 2 lobes

conatins cilia and mucus

Front 15

what is the order air travels in respiratory track

Back 15

nose -> nasla cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli -> lung capillaries

Front 16

define tidal volume

Back 16

amount of air moved in normal breathing at rest

Front 17

define expiratory reserve volume

Back 17

extra air used during deep breathing

Front 18

define inspiratory reserve volume

Back 18

extra available air used during exercise

Front 19

define residual volume

Back 19

volume of gas remaining in kings after maximum expiration

Front 20

define vital capacity

Back 20

expiratory and inspiratory reserve and tidal volume

Front 21

define lung capacity

Back 21

exiratory and inspiratory reserve

tidal volume

residual volume

Front 22

how is gas exchanged in the lung externally

Back 22

through the alveoli and capillaries through diffusion

Front 23

how is gas exchanged in the lung internally

Back 23

within tissues CO2 and O2 are exchanged

Front 24

how are CO2 and O2 transferred in the blood

Back 24

hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry O2 more efficiently

Front 25

what is the majority of CO2 found in the form of

Back 25

bicarbonate

Front 26

what affect can smoking have on your respiratory system

Back 26

kills cilia

tar from cigarettes can coat lungs and bronchi making them very stiff

Front 27

define emphysema

Back 27

loss of elasticity of the alveoli

Front 28

define inhalation

Back 28

air enters the lungs when ribs move up and out and diaphragm contracts

Front 29

define exhalation

Back 29

air is pushed out when rib cage moves down and in and diaphragm relaxes and moves up

Front 30

describe external respiration

Back 30

occurs between alveoli and capillaries, blood moves out of them being rich in CO2, as it moves through lung capillaries it collects O2 and CO2 diffuses out of the blood

Front 31

describe internal respiration

Back 31

occurs between the capillaries and body tissues, oxygen diffuses from blood to tissues in need of oxygen and CO2 diffuses from tissues into the blood.

Front 32

define diaphragm

Back 32

separates the lung region from the region of the stomach and liver

its a muscle that contracts and relaxes with breathing