Bio 2 Test 2

Front 1

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between deoxyribonucleotides and causes the 2 strands of DNA to separate

Back 1

Helicase

Front 2

What protein attaches to the separated strands of DNA and prevents them from snapping back together into a double helix

Back 2

Single-strand DNA-binding Proteins (SSBPs)

Front 3

What enzyme cuts DNA and allows it to unwind and then rejoins it ahead of the advancing replication fork?

Back 3

Topoisomerase

Front 4

What enzyme catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleotides into RNA?

Back 4

RNA polymerase

Front 5

For the lagging strand of DNA, how are the Okazaki fragments connected?

Back 5

DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the adjacent fragments

Front 6

What is a replisome?

Back 6

the multi-molecular machine that copies DNA which includes DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and other enzymes

Front 7

What is the region at the end of a linear chromosome that does not contain genes that code for products needed in the cell?

Back 7

Telomeres

Front 8

What enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template and carries an RNA molecule with it that acts as a built in template, allowing it to add DNA onto the end of a chromosome and prevent the telomere from getting shorter

Back 8

Telomerase

Front 9

DNA is ______ to mRNA by RNA polymerase and then mRNA is ______ to proteins by ribosomes

Back 9

transcribed, translated

Front 10

is short lived and carries info from DNA to the site of protein synthesis

Back 10

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 11

catalyzes the synthesis of RNA, polymerizes ribonucleotides into strands of RNA, synthesis RNA molecules according to the info provided by the sequence of bases in a particular stretch of DNA, and does NOT require a primer

Back 11

RNA polymerase

Front 12

-summarizes the flow of information in cells
-DNA-->RNA-->proteins
-The sequence of bases in DNA specifies the sequence of bases in RNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Back 12

central dogma

Front 13

-process of copying hereditary information in DNA to RNA
-DNA is ______ to RNA by RNA polymerase

Back 13

Transcription, transcribed

Front 14

-process of using the information in nucleic acids to synthesize proteins
-mRNA is ______ to proteins, in ribosomes.

Back 14

Translation, translated

Front 15

causes RNA to flow back to DNA

Back 15

reverse transcriptase

Front 16

Amino acids are coded for by ______.

Back 16

Triplet codes (3-base codes)

Front 17

Signals that protein synthesis should begin at that point on the mRNA molecule
-start codon

Back 17

AUG (methionine)

Front 18

Signal that the protein is complete and end the translation process
-stop codons

Back 18

UAA, UAG, UGA

Front 19

What are the different types of point mutations?

Back 19

Missense, silent, nonsense, and frame shift

Front 20

a change in nucleotide that changes amino acid specified by the codon

Back 20

missense mutation

Front 21

point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the gene product
-occurs at the 3rd position of the codon

Back 21

silent mutation

Front 22

change in nucleotide that results in early stop codon, premature termination, and the polypeptide is truncated
-usually deleterious

Back 22

Nonsense mutation

Front 23

addition or deletion of a nucleotide
-reading frame is shifted
-massive missense that is usually deleterious

Back 23

Frame Shift

Front 24

What are the chromosome level mutations

Back 24

inversion, translocation

Front 25

segments of a chromosome break off, flip, and rejoin

Back 25

inversion

Front 26

segments of a chromosome break off, and attach to a different chromosome

Back 26

translocation