Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Notochord |
- Flexible, rod shaped structure that runs along nerve chord - Become vertebrae |
|
|
Dorsal hollow nerve cord |
- Becomes spinal cord |
|
|
Pharyngeal Gill Slits |
- in vertebrate fish becomes gills - in tetrapods becomes parts of ears and tonsils |
|
|
Post Anal Tail |
In all Chordates |
|
|
Cranium |
Carilaginous, bony or fibrous structure surrounding the brain |
|
|
Jawless fish |
- Hagfish, lampreys |
|
|
Jawed Fish |
Evolution of jaws in fish allowed them to tear and grasp food sources - Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fish - Osteichthyes - bony fish |
|
|
Chondrichthyes |
- cartilaginous - Sharks, skates, rays - dominant predators - Evolution of teeth - modified placoid scales - Ampullae of Lorenzini: detect electromagnetic fields - Lateral line: Detects movement and vibrations in water (also in bony fish) |
|
|
Osteichthyes |
- Bony fish - Gills covered by operculum - swim bladder helps w/ bouyancy - Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) - Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish): Coelacanth is only living example. Bone structures in pectoral fins allows for support. Adaptation allows for migration to land. |
|
|
Tiktaalik Fossil |
The link between the lobe finned and 4 legged amphibians |
|
|
Amphibians |
- Tetrapods - terrestial but tied to water - cutaneous respiration: skin must stay moist for gas exchange - Urodela: Salamaders. Some have gills, some have lungs. Internal fertilization - Anura: Frogs/Toads. External fertilization -Apoda: Caecillians. Legless, evolutionary reversal |
|
|
Amniotes |
Reptiles, birds, mammals. Egg protected by amniotic membranes. 1st evolved from amphobians 340 mya. |
|
|
Synapsids |
- Mammals - 1 temporal fenestrae |
|
|
Sauropsids |
- Anapsids: no temporal fenestrae. Turtles - Diapsids: 2 temporal fenestrae |
|
|
Lepidosaurs |
Lizards, snakes, turtles |
|
|
Archosaurs |
Dinosaurs, crocs/ alligators, birds |
|
|
Reptiles |
Tetrapoda Scaly skin Ectotherms |
|
|
Dinosaurs |
- Dominant until 65 mya - maybe endothermic Evidence of parental care |
|
|
Crocodilia |
Cros, Gators |
|
|
Sphenodontia |
Tuataras |
|
|
Squamata |
Snakes, lizards Largest group of reptiles |
|
|
Testudines |
- turles - ventral surface: plastron - dorsal surface: carapace, forms from ribs |
|
|
Birds |
- Endothermic - high metabolic rate - feathers: modified scales. Insulate - hollow bones - sternum in shape of keel - efficient respiration |
|
|
Arcaeopteryx |
Intermediate to birds/ dinosaurs |
|
|
Mammals |
- Hair - Endothermic - mammary glands |
|
|
Monotremes |
- Platupus and Echidnas - lay eggs - no teeth |
|
|
Marsupials |
- Embryo develops in pouch - mainly in Australia - Opossum in NA |
|
|
Eutherians |
- Most of the mammals - true placental |
|
|
Primates |
- Lemurs, Monkeys, apes, humans |
|
|
Anthropoids |
- old world monkeys (Africa and Asia): include apes - New world Monkeys (South America) |
|
|
Hominidae |
- Hominoids - Chimps - Gorilla - Humans |
