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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endemic
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species of plants and animals that are naturally found only in a particular location.
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convergent evolution
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two diff species from diff lineages have independently evolved similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments.
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Analogous or Convergent traits
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Similar characteristics in different species like longue snouts and tongues.
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Selective Breeding or Artificial Selection
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programs and procedures designed to modify traits in domesticated species. The breeder chooses as parents those individuals that possess traits that are desirable from a human perspective. Can dramatically modify traits in a species.
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homology
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a similarity that occurs due to descent from a common ancestor.
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homologous structures
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structures that are similar to each other because they are derived from a common ancestor.
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vestigial structures
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anatomical features that have no current function but resemble structures of their presumed ancestors.
Ex: humans have a set of muscle to move their ears but are unable to do so. Or tailbone. Natural selection can eventually remove these traits. |
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Developmental homologies
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Temporary similarities, like species that differ substantially at the adult stage often bear striking similarities during early stages of embryonic development.
Ex. Human embryos possess gill ridges like fish embryo, which indicates that we evolved from an aquatic species that had gill slits. |
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Molecular Homologies
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Common features at the molecular level. Ex. all living species use DNA to store information. Same types of genes are found in diverse organisms.
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homologous genes
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When two or more genes are derived from the same ancestral gene. The analysis of these genes reveals details of evolutionary change at the molecular level.
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Orthologs
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homologous genes that are found in different species.
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Paralogs
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two or more homologous genes found within a single species.
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Gene Family
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consists of two or more copies of paralogous genes within a genome of a single species. Rare gene duplication events can produce multiple copeis of a gene and lead to the formation of a gene family.
Ex Globin gene family. Composed of 14 genes that are thought to be derived from a single ancestral globin gene. Good because it forms genes that are more specialized. |
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Horizontal gene transfer
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a process in which organisms incorporate genetic material from another organims without being the offspring of that organism. It can involve the exchange of genetic material between members of the same species or diff. species.
Ex. gene transferred from a bacterial species to a eukaryotic species. |
