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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
taxonomy |
The branch of science concerned with classification especially organisms. |
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darwin observed that |
species generally suit their environment |
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darwins theory explained that |
the duality of unity and diversity |
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Natural selection results in what? |
the adaptation of organisms to their environment |
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darwin proposed that natural selection could cause |
an ancestral species to give rise to two or more descendant species |
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Evolutionary relationships are often illustrated with what type of diagrams? |
treelike diagrams that show ancestors and their descendants |
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Evidence of evolution |
1. Fossil record 2. Anatomy and Embryology 3.Biogeography 4. Molecular and Development Biology |
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What is homology? |
Homologous structures |
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What is Embryology? |
Vertebrate Embryos |
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What are Vestigial structures? |
"Leftover" structures |
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What is Biogeography? |
Geographic distribution of species |
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Endemic |
species is found only in a small geographic area |
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What can indicate the relatedness of various groups? |
DNA |
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Misconceptions of Evolution |
1. Evolution is just a "theory" 2. Individuals evolve 3. Evolution explains the origin of life 4. Organisms evolve on purpose |
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Theory |
Popularly, a more conjecture, or guess |
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Evolution |
Works with population NOT one person |
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Sources of genetic variation |
1. Formation of new alleles 2. Altering gene number or position 3. Rapid reproduction 4. Sexual reproduction |
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Popular genetics |
Examines how allele and genotypic frequencies change in a population |
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Evolution by natural selection involves both |
chance and sorting |
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Relative fitness |
Contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals |
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Sexual selection |
natural selection for mating success (sexual dimorphism) |
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Balancing seelection |
When natural selection maintains stable frequencies or two or more phenotypic forms in a population |
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Frequency-Dependent selection |
Fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population |
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Why does Natural Selection NOT result in perfect organisms? |
Selection only acts on existing variations |
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Selection only acts on |
existing variations |
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Popular approaches include: |
1. Morphological species concept 2. Biological species concept 3. Phylogenetic species concept |
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Patterns of Geographical Variations |
1. Ring species 2. Clinal variation |
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Reproductive isolationg mechanism |
Biological characteristic that prevents the gene pools of two species from mixing |
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Sympathetic Speciation |
Evolves between distinct subgroups that arise within one population |
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Ecology |
Fossilized teeth and dung provide data about the diets of extinct animals |